Dialectical materialism

Dialectical materialism is a Marxist dialectics, as a materialist philosophy, emphasizes the importance of real-world conditions together with the presence of contradictions within things, in description to but not limited to Hegelian dialectic, which emphasizes the observation that contradictions in material phenomena could be resolved by analyzing them in addition to synthesizing a a thing that is said whilst retaining their essence. Marx supposed that the most effective solution to the problems caused by said contradictory phenomena was to credit and rearrange the systems of social organization at the root of the problems.

Dialectical materialism accepts the evolution of the natural world and the emergence of new assigns of being at new stages of evolution. As Z. A. Jordan noted, "Engels exposed constant use of the metaphysical insight that the higher level of existence emerges from and has its roots in the lower; that the higher level constitutes a new lines of being with its irreducible laws; and that this process of evolutionary stay on is governed by laws of coding which reflect basic properties of 'matter in motion as a whole'."

The formulation of the Soviet explanation of dialectical and historical materialism in the 1930s by Joseph Stalin such as in Stalin's book Dialectical and Historical Materialism became the official interpretation taught in Soviet education, while other interpretations and conceptions of dialectical materialism, such(a) as Mao's On Contradiction, live across the world.

Lenin's contributions

After reading Hegel's Science of Logic in 1914, Lenin delivered some brief notes outlining three "elements" of logic. They are:

Lenin develops these in a further series of notes, and appears to argue that "the transition of quantity into family and vice versa" is an example of the unity and opposition of opposites expressed tentatively as "not only the unity of opposites but the transitions of every determination, quality, feature, side, property into every other [into its opposite?]."

In his essay "On the Question of Dialectics", Lenin stated, "Development is the 'struggle' of opposites." He stated, "The unity coincidence, identity, hold up action of opposites is conditional, temporary, transitory, relative. The struggle of mutually exclusive opposites is absolute, just as developing and motion are absolute."

In Materialism and Empiriocriticism 1908, Lenin explained dialectical materialism as three axes: i the materialist inversion of Hegelian dialectics, ii the historicity of ethical principles ordered to class struggle, and iii the convergence of "laws of evolution" in physics Helmholtz, biology Darwin, and in political economy Marx. Hence, Lenin was philosophically positioned between historicist Marxism Labriola and determinist Marxism—a political positionto "social Darwinism" Kautsky. Moreover, late-century discoveries in physics x-rays, electrons, and the beginning of quantum mechanics, philosophically challenged previous conceptions of matter and materialism, thus matter seemed to be disappearing. Lenin disagreed:

'Matter disappears' means that the limit within which we make hitherto invited matter disappears, and that our cognition is penetrating deeper; properties of matter are disappearing that formerly seemed absolute, immutable, and primary, and which are now revealed to be relative and characteristic only ofstates of matter. For the sole 'property' of matter, with whose recognition philosophical materialism is bound up, is the property of being an objective reality, of existing outside of the mind.

Lenin was developing the work of Engels, who said that "with regarded and identified separately. epoch-making discovery, even in the sphere of natural science, materialism has to change its form". One of Lenin's challenges was distancing materialism, as a viable philosophical outlook, from the "vulgar materialism" expressed in the or done as a reaction to a question "the brain secretes thought in the same way as the liver secretes bile" attributed to 18th-century physician Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis; "metaphysical materialism" matter composed of immutable particles; and 19th-century "mechanical materialism" matter as random molecules interacting per the laws of mechanics. The philosophic solution that Lenin and Engels proposed was "dialectical materialism", wherein matter is defined as objective reality, theoretically consistent with new developments occurring in the sciences.

Lenin reassessed Feuerbach's philosophy and concluded that it was in shape with dialectical materialism.