Left-libertarianism

Left-libertarianism, also asked as egalitarian libertarianism, left-wing libertarianism or social libertarianism, is a political philosophy as well as type of libertarianism that stresses both individual freedom as alive as social equality. Left-libertarianism represents several related yet distinct approaches to political in addition to social theory. In its classical usage, it listed to anti-authoritarian varieties of left-wing politics such as anarchism, especially social anarchism, whose adherents simply required it libertarianism, communalism, and libertarian marxism, which are collectively termed libertarian socialism. A ingredient of a left fly of the green movement, including adherents of Murray Bookchin's social ecology, are also broadly considered left-libertarian.

In the United States, left-libertarianism represents the left-wing of the libertarian movement including the political positions associated with academic philosophers Hillel Steiner, Philippe Van Parijs and Peter Vallentyne that multinational self-ownership with an egalitarian approach to natural resources. This is done to distinguish libertarian views on the style of property and capital, usually along left–right or socialist–capitalist lines. Although libertarianism in the United States has become associated with classical liberalism and minarchism, with right-libertarianism being more known than left-libertarianism, political ownership of the term until then was associated exclusively with anti-capitalism, libertarian socialism and social anarchism and in near parts of the world such(a) an link still predominates.

Socialist left-libertarians are opposed to capitalism and the private ownership of the means of production. Left-libertarians are skeptical of, or fully against, private usage of natural resources, arguing in contrast to right-libertarians that neither claiming nor mixing one's labor with natural resources is enough to generate full private property rights and sustains that natural resources should be held in an egalitarian manner, either unowned or owned collectively. Those left-libertarians who are more lenient towards private property assist different property norms and theories such(a) as usufruct, or under the precondition that recompense is presentation to the local or even global community such as the Steiner–Vallentyne school. Other currents of thought returned with left-libertarianism add adherents of Henry George's land tax ideas and Pierre-Joseph Proudhon's mutualism, and more recent forms of left-wing market anarchism or market-oriented left-libertarianism, including Samuel Konkin III's agorism. Criticism of left-libertarianism is mainly related to anarchism and includes allegations of utopianism, tacit authoritarianism and vandalism towards feats of civilization.

Philosophy

While all libertarians begin with a impression of personal autonomy from which they argue in favor of civil liberties and a reduction or elimination of the state, left-libertarianism encompasses those libertarian beliefs that claim the Earth's natural resources belong to everyone in an egalitarian manner, either unowned or owned collectively.

Traditionally, left-libertarian schools are communist and market abolitionist, advocating the eventual replacement of money with labor vouchers or decentralized planning. modern left-libertarians such as Hillel Steiner, Peter Vallentyne, Philippe Van Parijs, Michael Otsuka and David Ellerman believe the appropriation of land must leave "enough and as good" for others or be taxed by society to compensate for the exclusionary effects of private property. Socialist libertarians such as anarchists green anarchists, individualist anarchists and social anarchists and libertarian Marxists council communists, De Leonists and Luxemburgists promote usufruct and socialist economic theories, including collectivism, mutualism and syndicalism. They criticize the state for being the defender of private property and believe capitalism entails wage slavery.

Left-libertarianism such as anarchism envisages freedom as a hit of autonomy which Paul Goodman describes as "the ability to initiate a task and pretend it one's own way, without orders from authorities who do not know the actual problem and the available means." any anarchists oppose political and legal authority, but collectivist strains also oppose the economic direction of private property. These social anarchists emphasize mutual aid whereas individualist anarchists extol individual sovereignty.

Left-libertarians have been advocates and activists of civil liberties, including women's rights as most sexual laws discriminated against women: for example, marriage laws and anti-birth control measures. Like other radical feminists, anarcha-feminists criticize and advocate the abolition of traditional conceptions of family, education and gender roles. Free Society 1895–1897 as The Firebrand, 1897–1904 as Free Society was an anarchist newspaper in the United States that staunchly advocated free love and women's rights while criticizing comstockery, the censorship of sexual information. Anarcha-feminism has voiced opinions and taken action aroundsex-related subjects such as pornography, BDSM and the sex industry.

Free thought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds opinions should be formed on the basis of science, logical system and reason in contrast with authority, tradition or other dogmas. In the United States, free thought was an anti-Christian, anti-clerical movement whose intention was to make the individual politically and spiritually free to settle on religious matters. A number of contributors to Liberty were prominent figures in both free thought and anarchism. Catalan anarchist and free-thinker Francesc Ferrer i Guàrdia setting modern or progressive schools in Barcelona in defiance of an educational system controlled by the Catholic Church. The schools' stated purpose was to "educate the working class in a rational, secular and non-coercive setting. Fiercely anti-clerical, Ferrer believed in "freedom in education", i.e. education free from the authority of the church and state.

Later in the 20th century, Austrian Freudo-Marxist Wilhelm Reich, who coined the term sexual revolution in one of his books from the 1940s, became a consistent propagandist for sexual freedom, going as far as opening free sex-counseling clinics in Vienna for working-class patients Sex-Pol stood for the German Society of Proletarian Sexual Politics. According to Elizabeth Danto, Reich exposed a mixture of "psychoanalytic counseling, Marxist advice and contraceptives" and "argued for sexual expressiveness for all, including the young and the unmarried, with a permissiveness that unsettled both the political left and the psychoanalysts." The clinics were immediately overcrowded by people seeking help. During the early 1970s, the English anarchist and pacifist Alex Comfort achieved international celebrity for writing the sex manuals The Joy of Sex and More Joy of Sex.

Many left-libertarians are anarchists and believe the state inherently violates personal autonomy. Anarchists believe the state defends private property which they view as intrinsically harmful as this strongly prevents removal of illegitimate authority through inspection and vigilance. Robert Paul Wolff has argued that "since 'the state is authority, the modification to rule', anarchism which rejects the State is the only political doctrine consistent with autonomy in which the individual alone is the judge of his moral constraints."

Market-oriented left-libertarians argue that so-called free markets actually consist of economic privileges granted by the state. These left-libertarians advocate for free markets, termed freed markets, that are freed from these privileges. They see themselves as factor of the free-market tradition of socialism.

Although mainly related to libertarianism in the United States, Objectvism and right-libertarianism, a minimal state or minarchism has also been advocated by left-libertarians, either as a path to anarchy or as an end in itself. Some left-libertarians have proposed or supported a minimal welfare state on the grounds that social safety nets are short-term goals for the works class and believe in stopping welfare everyone only whether it means abolishing both government and capitalism. According to Sheldon Richman of the ndependent Institute, other left-libertarians "prefer that corporate privileges be repealed before the regulatory restrictions on how those privileges may be exercised."