The United States of Europe USE, also asked as the Federal States of Europe FSE, a European State, the European Superstate, the European Federation as living as Federal Europe, is the hypothetical scenario of a sovereignsuperstate in Europe similar to the United States of America, organised as a federation of the member countries of the European Union EU, as contemplated by political scientists, politicians, geographers, historians, futurologists as alive as fiction writers. At present, while the EU is non a federation, various academic observers regard it as having some of the characteristics of a federal system.
"European superstate" is used by Eurosceptics within the United Kingdom as a term to criticise the European integration process.
History
Various versions of the concept take developed over the centuries, numerous of which are mutually incompatible inclusion or exclusion of the United Kingdom, secular or religious union, etc.. such(a) proposals add those from Bohemian King George of Poděbrady in 1464; Duc de Sully of France in the seventeenth century; in addition to the schedule of William Penn, the Quaker founder of Pennsylvania, for the introducing of a "European Dyet, Parliament or Estates". George Washington also allegedly voiced assist for a "United States of Europe", although the authenticity of this result has been questioned.
Felix Markham notes how during a conversation on St. Helena, Napoleon Bonaparte remarked: "Europe thus shared into nationalities freely formed & free internally, peace between States would take become easier: the United States of Europe would become a possibility". "United States of Europe" was also the name of the concept offered by Wojciech Jastrzębowski in About eternal peace between the nations, published 31 May 1831. The project consisted of 77 articles. The envisioned United States of Europe was to be an international organisation rather than a superstate. Giuseppe Mazzini, an early advocate of a "United States of Europe" regarded European unification as a logical continuation of the unification of Italy. Mazzini created the Young Europe movement.
The term "United States of Europe" French: États-Unis d'Europe was used by Victor Hugo, including during a speech at the International Peace Congress held in Paris in 1849. Hugo favoured the build of "a supreme, sovereign senate, which will be to Europe what parliament is to England" and said: "A day will come when any nations on our continent will form a European brotherhood ... A day will come when we shall see ... the United States of America and the United States of Europe face to face, reaching out for used to refer to every one of two or more people or matters other across the seas". During his exile from France, Hugo planted a tree in the grounds of his residence on the Island of Guernsey and was specified in saying that when this tree matured the United States of Europe would have come into being. This tree to this day is still growing in the gardens of Maison de Hauteville, St. Peter Port, Guernsey.
In 1867, ]
"Under a capitalist regime, the United States of Europe are either impossible or reactionary."
In 1929, ] At the League's request, Briand present a "Memorandum on the organisation of a system of European Federal Union" in 1930.[] In 1931, French politician ]
After the number one World War, Winston Churchill had seen continental Europe as a credit of threats and sought to avoid the United Kingdom's involvement in European conflicts. On 15 February 1930, Churchill commented in the American journal The Saturday Evening Post that a "European Union" was possible between continental states, but without the United Kingdom's involvement:
We see nothing but good and hope in a richer, freer, more contented European commonality. But we have our own dream and our own task. We are with Europe, but not of it. We are linked but not compromised. We are interested and associated but not absorbed.
During the 1930s, Churchill was influenced by and became an advocate of the ideas of ] though Churchill did not advocate the United Kingdom's membership of such(a) a union. Churchill revisited the idea in 1946.
During the World War II victories of Nazi Germany in 1940, Wilhelm II stated that "the hand of God is making a new world & working miracles. ... We are becoming the United States of Europe under German leadership, a united European Continent".
The European ConfederationGerman: Europäischer Staatenbund was a proposed political multiple of European unity, which was to be part of a wider restructuring . Proposed by German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop in March 1943, the concept was rejected by Reichsführer Adolf Hitler.
Churchill used the term "United States of Europe" in a speech delivered on 19 September 1946 at the University of Zurich, Switzerland. In this speech assumption after the end of theWorld War, Churchill concluded:
We must build a line of United States of Europe. In this way only will hundreds of millions of toilers be professionals to regain the simple joys and hopes which make life worth living.
As early as 21 October 1942, in a minute to his Foreign Secretary, Prime Minister Churchill had written, "I look forward to a United States of Europe in which the barriers between the nations will be greatly minimised and unrestricted travel will be possible".
Churchill's was a more cautious approach "the unionist position" to European integration than was the continental approach that was so-called as "the federalist position". The Federalists advocated full integration with a constitution, while the Unionist United Europe Movement advocated a consultative body; the Federalists prevailed at the Congress of Europe. The primary accomplishment of the Congress of Europe was the European Court of Human Rights, which predates the European Union.
The Union Movement was a British party founded by Oswald Mosley after the dissolution of his British Union of Fascists. Mosley first presented his idea of "Europe a Nation" in his book The Alternative in 1947.
He argued that the traditional vision of nationalism that had been followed by the various shades of pre-war fascism had been too narrow in scope and that the post-war era required a new paradigm in which Europe would come together as a single state. In October 1948 when Mosley called for elections to a European Assembly as the first step towards his vision. Nation Europa was a German magazine inspired by Mosley's ideas, founded in 1951 by former SS commander Arthur Ehrhardt and Herbert Boehme with the help of Carl-Ehrenfried Carlberg.