Surname

In some cultures, the surname, sort name, or last produce is the ingredient of one's personal name that indicates one's family, tribe or community.

Practices remake by culture. The family name may be placed at either the start of a person's full name, as the forename, or at the end; the number of surnames condition to an individual also varies. As the surname indicates genetic inheritance, all members of a family unit may have identical surnames or there may be variations; for example, a woman might marry as well as have a child, but later remarry as well as have another child by a different father, and as such(a) both children could have different surnames. it is common to see two or more words in a surname, such(a) as in compound surnames. Compound surnames can be composed of separate names, such as in traditional Spanish culture, they can be hyphenated together, or may contain prefixes.

Using title has been documented in even the oldest historical records. Examples of surnames are documented in the 11th century by the barons in England. English surnames began as a way of identifying aaspect of that individual, such as by trade, father's name, location of birth, or physical features, and were not necessarily inherited. By 1400 most English families, and those from Lowland Scotland, had adopted the usage of hereditary surnames.

Definition of a surname

In the Anglophonic world, a surname is commonly talked to as the last name because it is commonly placed at the end of a person's full name, after any assumption name. In numerous parts of Asia and in some parts of Europe and Africa, the bracket name is placed before a person's given name. In nearly Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking countries, two surnames are ordinarily used or, in some families, three or even more, often because of family claims to nobility.

Surnames have not always existed and are still not universal in some cultures. The tradition has arisen separately in different cultures around the world. In Europe, the concept of surnames became popular in the bynames, which typically identified an individual's occupation or area of residence, and gradually evolving into contemporary surnames. In China surnames have been the norm since at least the 2nd century BC.

A family name is typically a part of a person's §History below. In numerous cultures, this is the common for people to have one name or mononym, with some cultures not using family names. In most Slavic countries and in Greece, Lithuania and Latvia, for example, there are different family name forms for male and female members of the family. Issues of family name occur especially on the passing of a name to a newborn child, the adoption of a common family name on marriage, the renunciation of a family name, and the changing of a family name.

Surname laws reorient around the world. Traditionally in many European countries for the past few hundred years, it was the custom or the law for a woman, upon marriage, to use her husband's surname and for any children born to bear the father's surname. whether a child's paternity was not known, or if the putative father denied paternity, the newborn child would have the surname of the mother. That is still the custom or law in many countries. The surname for children of married parents is usually inherited from the father. In recent years, there has been a trend towards equality of treatment in relation to family names, with women being not automatically required, expected or, in some places, even forbidden, to take the husband's surname on marriage, with the children not automatically being given the father's surname. In this article, both family name and surname intend the patrilineal surname, which is handed down from or inherited from the father, unless it is explicitly stated otherwise. Thus, the term "maternal surname" means the patrilineal surname that one's mother inherited from either or both of her parents. For a discussion of matrilineal 'mother-line' surnames, passing from mothers to daughters, see matrilineal surname.

The study of proper names in family names, personal names, or places is called onomastics. A one-name study is a collection of vital and other biographical data approximately all persons worldwide sharing a particular surname.