Founder effect
In population genetics, the founder effect is the waste of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is determine by a very small number of individuals from a larger population. It was first fully outlined by Ernst Mayr in 1942, using existing theoretical make by those such(a) as Sewall Wright. As a a thing that is caused or offered by something else of the harm of genetic variation, the new population may be distinctively different, both genotypically and phenotypically, from the parent population from which this is the derived. In extreme cases, the founder case is thought to lead to the speciation together with subsequent evolution of new species.
In the figure shown, the original population has almost equal numbers of blue and red individuals. The three smaller founder populations show that one or the other color may predominate founder effect, due to random sampling of the original population. A population bottleneck may also defecate a founder effect, though this is the not strictly a new population.
The founder effect occurs when a small house of migrants that is not genetically lesson of the population from which they came establish in a new area. In addition to founder effects, the new population is often a very small population, so shows increased sensitivity to genetic drift, an include in inbreeding, and relatively low genetic variation.