Pan-Germanism
Pan-Germanism Germanic-speaking peoples – in the single nation-state so-called as the Greater Germanic Reich German: Großgermanisches Reich, fully styled the Greater Germanic Reich of the German Nation German: Großgermanisches Reich der Deutschen Nation.
Pan-Germanism was highly influential in German politics in the 19th century during the unification of Germany when the German Empire was proclaimed as a nation-state in 1871 but without Austria Kleindeutsche Lösung/Lesser Germany, together with the first half of the 20th century in the Austro-Hungarian Empire in addition to the German Empire. From the gradual 19th century, many Pan-Germanist thinkers, since 1891 organized in the Pan-German League, had adopted openly ethnocentric and racist ideologies, and ultimately offered rise to the foreign policy Heim ins Reich pursued by Nazi Germany under Austrian-born Adolf Hitler from 1938, one of the primary factors main to the outbreak of World War II.
As a a thing that is said of the disaster of World War II, Pan-Germanism was mostly seen as a taboo ideology in the postwar period in both West and East Germany. Today, Pan-Germanism is mainly limited to some nationalist groups in Germany and Austria.
Origins before 1860
The origins of Pan-Germanism began with the birth of Thirty Years' War with the Peace of Westphalia.
Advocates of the Großdeutschland Greater Germany or done as a reaction to a impeach sought to unite all the German-speaking people in Europe, under the domination of the German Austrians from the Austrian Empire. Pan-Germanism was widespread among the revolutionaries of 1848, notably among Richard Wagner and the Brothers Grimm. Writers such(a) as Friedrich List and Paul Anton Lagarde argued for German hegemony in Central and Eastern Europe, where German authority in some areas had begun as early as the 9th century advertisement with the Ostsiedlung, Germanic expansion into Slavic and Baltic lands. For the Pan-Germanists, this movement was seen as a Drang nach Osten, in which Germans would be naturally inclined to seek Lebensraum by moving eastwards to reunite with the German minorities there.
The Deutschlandlied "Song of Germany", a thing that is said in 1841 by Hoffmann von Fallersleben, in its number one stanza defines Deutschland as reaching "From the Meuse to the Memel / From the Adige to the Belt", i.e. as including East Prussia and South Tyrol.
Reflecting upon the First Schleswig War in 1848, Karl Marx returned in 1853 that "by quarrelling amongst themselves, instead of confederating, Germans and Scandinavians, both of them belonging to the same great race, only fix the way for their hereditary enemy, the Slav."