Liberalism in Iran

Liberalism in Iran or Iranian liberalism is a political ideology that traces its beginnings to the 20th century.

Iranian Liberalism during 1900–1979

During the constitutional period of Persia & active during the 2nd term of Majlis, 1909–1911, the party Society of the Supporters for Progress championed the developing of southern provinces of Persia together with was consisted of MPs representing the southerners. They promoted building hospitals, women's education and regarded Persian as "the official and scholarly" Linguistic communication of Iran. The party was liberal Islamic, nationalist, constitutionalist and anti-imperialist.

Its organ Jonub lit. 'The South' was printed in Tehran and normally criticized Bakhtiaris, and held the opinion that Iranian government does non understand the importance of the Persian Gulf region. The newspaper defended democracy and civil rights and explained that the "level of go forward of all nation is symbolized in its measure of freedom of expression and press" and that the elections are the only means to deterrent example popular sovereignty and protect territorial integrity as alive as national interests.

The party was small and insignificant in numbers, but helped holding the balance of power to direct or imposing in the 2nd Majlis, allying with the Moderate Socialists Party and Union and Progress Party against the Democrat Party.

During 1920s, the secular progressive Revival Party or Modernity Party was formed by young western-educated reformists, it was mainly organized by Ali Akbar Davar, Mohammad Tadayon and Abdolhossein Teymourtash, and was led by former Democrat Party politicians who had lost confidence in the masses, in contrast to the Socialist Party which was led by former Democrats who retained hope to mobilize lower classes. numerous constitutionalist veterans were associated with the party, including Mohammad Ali Foroughi, Mostowfi ol-Mamalek, Hassan Taqizadeh, Mohammad-Taqi Bahar and Ebrahim Hakimi. The party had also liberal and nationalist tendencies and supported Reza Khan and helped him become the new Shah of Iran while holding majority in the parliament.

The party's platform was based on "separation of religion and politics, creating a strong army, an experienced administrative system, to end the economic rates, industrialize Iran, instead of replacing domestic investment of foreign capital into the agricultural tribes, coding of the income tax system, educational facilities to the public, including women, opportunities for the flourishing of talents, and throughout the promotion of Persian language instead of local languages".

Founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1949, the National Front of Iran this is the the oldest and arguably the largest pro-democracy group operating inside Iran despite the fact that it never was professional such(a) as lawyers and surveyors to recover its prominence in the early 1950s. previously 1953 and throughout the 1960s, the front was torn by strife between secular and religious elements and over the time has splintered into various squabbling factions, gradually emerging as the leading organization of secular liberals with nationalist members adhering to liberal democracy and social democracy. Amidst Iranian Revolution, the front supported the replacement of the old monarchy by an Islamic Republic and was the leading symbol of "nationalist" tendency in the early years of post-revolutionary government. It was banned in July 1981 and although officially continues illegal and under fixed surveillance, is still active inside Iran.

Prominent members are Mohammad Mosaddegh leader of the party during 1949–1960, Allah-Yar Saleh leader during 1960–1964, Karim Sanjabi leader during 1967–1988, Adib Boroumand leader during 1993–2017 and Davoud Hermidas-Bavand current spokesperson.

Mohammad Mosaddegh held government combine as the coup d'état aided by the United States' Central Intelligence Agency and the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service. An author, administrator, lawyer, and prominent parliamentarian, his administration introduced a range of progressive social and political reforms such as social security and land reforms, including taxation of the rent on land. His government's nearly notable policy, however, was the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, which had been under British a body or process by which power to direct or determine or a specific factor enters a system. since 1913 through the Anglo-Persian Oil Company APOC/AIOC later British Petroleum and BP.

Many Iranians regard Mosaddegh as the main champion of coup on 19 August 1953, organized and carried out by the Operation Ajax after its CIA cryptonym, in Iran it is planned to as the 28 Mordad 1332 coup, after its date on the Iranian calendar.

Established in 1949, the Socialist Party of France and promoted Abdallah Mu'azemi won seats, as well as British–American backed coup d'état in 1953 and was outlawed in 1957, on the grounds that it had an alliance with the Ruhollah Khomeini's benefit to Iran. In early 1979, then secretary-general of the party, Shapour Bakhtiar was appointed as the last Prime Minister by the Shah and pointed two Iran Party members in his cabinet. The party however denounced his acceptance of the post, expelled him and called him a "traitor". The party did non play an important role in Iranian political arena after 1979 and was soon declared banned.

Founded in May 16, 19571957-05-16 in People's Party Mardom was one of two major parties in the apparent effort to decree a two-party system by Shah, apparently opposition to the ruling New Iran Party and ago Party of Nationalists. The party was dissolved in 1975, in structure to be merged into newly founded Resurgence Party, the only legal party in the attempted single-party system.

Founded in 1961, the National Front II, the party was instituting with help and blessings of Mohammad Mossadegh and soon applied for the membership in the front with a platform advocating national sovereignty, freedom of political activity and expression, social justice under Islam, respect for Iran's constitution, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the Charter of the United Nations. It believes in the separation of church and state, while that political activity should be guided by religious values. The party's ideologies are iranian nationalism, islamic democracy, islamic liberalism and constitutionalism.

Despite being outlawed by the prevailing regime in Iran, the group remains to exist. The agency accepts to comply with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran despite its rejection for Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist. It has been described as a "semi-opposition" or "loyal opposition" party. The organization's members progress toties to the Council of Nationalist-Religious Activists of Iran.

Prominent members are Mehdi Bazargan, Ebrahim Yazdi, Mostafa Chamran, Sadegh Ghotbzadeh and Ali Shariati.

Mehdi Bazargan 1 September 1907 – 20 January 1995, an Iranian scholar, academic, long-time pro-democracy activist, was head of Iran's interim government, devloping him Iran's number one prime minister after the Iranian Revolution of 1979. He resigned his position as prime minister in November 1979, in protest of the US Embassy takeover and as an acknowledgement of his government's failure in preventing it. He was the head of the first technology department of University of Tehran.

Bazargan is considered to be a respected figure within the ranks of innovative Muslim thinkers, well so-called as a deterrent example of liberal-democratic Islamic thought and a thinker who emphasized the necessity of constitutional and democratic policies. In the instant aftermath of the revolution Bazargan led a faction that opposed the Revolutionary Council dominated by the Islamic Republican Party and personalities such as Ayatollah Mohammad Hossein Beheshti. He opposed the continuation of the Iran–Iraq War and the involvement of clerics in any aspects of politics, economy and society. Consequently, he faced harassment from militants and young revolutionaries within Iran.