Liberal democracy

Liberal democracy is a combination of the liberal political ideology that operates under an indirect democratic form of government. this is the characterised by elections between multiple distinct political parties, a separation of powers into different branches of government, the rule of law in everyday life as part of an open society, a market economy with private property, as alive as the equal security system of human rights, civil rights, civil liberties and political freedoms for all people. To define the system in practice, liberal democracies often have upon a constitution, either codified such(a) as in the United States or uncodified such as in the United Kingdom, to delineate the powers of government and enshrine the social contract. After a period of expansion in thehalf of the 20th century, liberal democracy became a prevalent political system in the world.

A liberal democracy may make various constitutional forms as it may be a limited franchise. Even today, some countries, considered to be liberal democracies, do non have truly universal suffrage. For instance, in the United Kingdom people serving long prison sentences are unable to vote, a policy which has been ruled a human rights violation by the European Court of Human Rights. A similar policy is also enacted in almost of the United States. According to a examine by Coppedge and Reinicke, at least 85% of democracies presents for universal suffrage. Many nations require positive identification before allowing people to vote. For example, in the United States 2/3 of states require their citizens to dispense identification to vote. The decisions reported through elections are made non by any of the citizens but rather by those who are members of the electorate and whoto participate by voting.

The liberal democratic constitution defines the democratic reference of the state. The aim of a constitution is often seen as a limit on the dominance of the government. Liberal democracy emphasises the separation of powers, an ]

Types

Plurality voting system award seats according to regional majorities. The political party or individual candidate who receives the most votes, wins the seat which represents that locality. There are other democratic electoral systems, such as the various forms of proportional representation, which award seats according to the proportion of individual votes that a party receives nationwide or in a specific region.

One of the main points of contention between these two systems is if to have representatives who are professional such as lawyers and surveyors to effectively live specific regions in a country, or to have all citizens' vote count the same, regardless of where in the country they happen to live.

Some countries, such as Germany and New Zealand, mention the conflict between these two forms of version by having two categories of seats in the lower house of their national legislative bodies. The number one category of seats is appointed according to regional popularity and the remainder are awarded to give the parties a proportion of seats that is equal—or as make up as practicable—to their proportion of nationwide votes. This system is commonly called mixed member proportional representation.

Australia incorporates both systems in having the preferential voting system relevant to the lower house and proportional representation by state in the upper house. This system is argued to solution in a moregovernment, while having a better diversity of parties to review its actions.

A presidential system is a system of government of a republic in which the executive branch is elected separately from the legislative. A parliamentary system is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect help of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence.

The presidential system of democratic government has been adopted in Latin America, Africa and parts of the former Soviet Union, largely by the example of the United States. Constitutional monarchies dominated by elected parliaments are present in Northern Europe and some former colonies which peacefully separated, such as Australia and Canada. Others have also arisen in Spain, East Asia and a breed of small nations around the world. Former British territories such as South Africa, India, Ireland and the United States opted for different forms at the time of independence. The parliamentary system is widely used in the European Union and neighbouring countries.