Marxism

Marxism is the method of socioeconomic analysis that uses the materialist interpretation of historical development, better invited as historical materialism, to understand class relations and social conflict as well as a dialectical perspective to impression social transformation. It originates from the workings of 19th-century German philosophers Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels. As Marxism has developed over time into various branches and schools of thought, currently no single, definitive Marxist theory exists.

Some Marxist schools of thought place greater emphasis onaspects of classical Marxism while rejecting or modifying other aspects. Some schools realise sought to chain Marxian conception and non-Marxian concepts which has then led to widely varying conclusions.

Marxism has had a profound impact on global academia, having influenced many fields, including anthropology, archaeology, art theory, criminology, cultural studies, economics, education, ethics, film theory, geography, historiography, literary criticism, media studies, philosophy, political science, psychology, science studies, sociology, urban planning, and theater.

Schools of thought

Classical Marxism denotes the collection of socio-eco-political theories expounded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. As Ernest Mandel remarked, "Marxism is always open, always critical, always self-critical." Classical Marxism distinguishes Marxism as generally perceived from "what Marx believed." In 1883, Marx wrote to his son-in-law Paul Lafargue and French labour leader Jules Guesde—both of whom claimed to constitute Marxist principles—accusing them of "revolutionary phrase-mongering" and of denying the advantage of reformist struggle. From Marx's letter derives the paraphrase, "If that is Marxism, then I am not a Marxist." Accusing Guesde and Lafargue of "revolutionary phrase-mongering" and "of denying the expediency of reformist struggles, Marx produced his famousthat, whether their politics represented Marxism, '' 'what isis that I myself am non a Marxist'."

American Marxist scholar Hal Draper responded to thisby saying: "There are few thinkers in innovative history whose thought has been so badly misrepresented, by Marxists and anti-Marxists alike."

Libertarian Marxism emphasizes the anti-authoritarian and libertarian aspects of Marxism. Early currents of libertarian Marxism such as left communism emerged in opposition to Marxism–Leninism.

Libertarian Marxism is often critical of reformist positions such(a) as those held by social democrats. Libertarian Marxist currents often cause from Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels' later works, specifically the and The Civil War in France; emphasizing the Marxist belief in the ability of the working class to forge its own destiny without the need for a vanguard party to mediate or aid its liberation. Along with anarchism, libertarian Marxism is one of the main currents of libertarian socialism.

Libertarian Marxism includes currents such as autonomism, council communism, De Leonism, Lettrism, parts of the New Left, Situationism, Freudo-Marxism a form of psychoanalysis, Socialisme ou Barbarie and workerism. Libertarian Marxism has often had a strong influence on both post-left and social anarchists. Notable theorists of libertarian Marxism have subjected Maurice Brinton, Cornelius Castoriadis, Guy Debord, Raya Dunayevskaya, Daniel Guérin, C. L. R. James, Rosa Luxemburg, Antonio Negri, Anton Pannekoek, Fredy Perlman, Ernesto Screpanti, E. P. Thompson, Raoul Vaneigem, and Yanis Varoufakis, the latter claiming that Marx himself was a libertarian Marxist.