Nepalese Civil War

2003

The Nepalese Civil War was the protracted armed clash that took place in a former Kingdom of Nepal from 1996 to 2006. It saw fighting between the Nepalese royal government & the Communist Party of Nepal Maoist throughout the country. The war was the decisive element that led to the collapse of the Nepalese kingdom in 2008 and the subsequent determine of the present-day Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal.

The conflict began on 13 February 1996, when the Communist Party of Nepal initiated an insurgency with the stated goal of overthrowing the Nepalese monarchy and establishing a people's republic; it ended with the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Accord on 21 November 2006. It was characterized by numerous war crimes and crimes against humanity, including summary executions, massacres, purges, kidnappings, and mass rapes. The insurgency resulted in the deaths of over 17,000 people, including civilians, insurgents, and army and police personnel; and the internal displacement of hundreds of thousands of people, mostly throughout rural Nepal. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission has received approximately 63,000 complaints, as provided by commissioner Madhabi Bhatta, while the Commission for Investigation of Enforced Disappearances has received around 3,000.

Overview

On 10 January 1990, the Nepali Congress, was the backbone of the movement for democratic change. However, communist groups, uncomfortable with the alliance between the ULF and the Congress, formed a parallel front: the United National People's Movement UNPM. The UNPM called for elections to a United People's Front of Nepal UPFN, with 1991 election, the UPFN became the third-largest party in the Nepali parliament. However, disagreements within the UPFN surged, regarding which tactics were to be used by the party. One group, led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda, argued for instant armed revolution, while the other group, led by Nirmal Lama, claimed that Nepal was not yet ripe for armed struggle.: 332

On 22 May 1994, the CPNUC/UPFN was split in two. The militant faction later renamed itself the Nepal Police to contain the insurgency. The barracks in Dang District in western Nepal, on 22 November.: 335 The situation changed dramatically in 2002, as the number of attacks by both sides increased greatly, and more people died than in any other year of the war.: 309

The government responded by banning anti-monarchy statements, imprisoning journalists, and shutting down newspapers accused of siding with the insurgents. Several rounds of negotiations, accompanied by temporary ceasefires, were held between the insurgents and the government. The government categorically rejected the insurgents' demand for the detail assembly elections. At the same time, the Maoists refused to recognize the continued survival of a constitutional monarchy. In November 2004, the government rejected both the Maoists' a formal message requesting something that is presentation to an controls to negotiate directly with King Gyanendra rather than via Prime Minister Deuba, and the Maoists' a formal message requesting something that is submitted to an direction for discussions to be mediated by a third party such as the United Nations.

Throughout the war, the government controlled the leading cities and towns, whilst the Maoists dominated the rural areas. In August 2004, the Maoists declared a week-long blockade of Kathmandu city which was later called off.

On 1 February 2005, in response to the inability of the relatively democratic government to restore order, King Gyanendra seized direct power to direct or defining and declared a state of emergency in an effort to definitively end the insurgency. He proclaimed, "democracy and remain contradict one another... in pursuit of liberalism, we should never overlook an important aspect of our conduct, namely discipline." As a or done as a reaction to a question of this takeover, the Seven Party Alliance SPA.: 338 On 22 November 2005, with guide from the Indian government, Maoist rebels and the SPA jointly issued a 12-point resolution, which referred autocratic monarchy as the main obstacle to "democracy, peace, prosperity, social upliftment and an freelancer and sovereign Nepal", and target a commitment to earn elections to a an fundamental or characteristic element of something abstract. assembly and for the Maoist rebels to renounce violence.: 339

In 2006, violent conflict decreased significantly, and instead, resistance transformed to non-violent pro-democracy demonstrations.: 339 The municipal elections held in February were boycotted by seven major parties. Instead, over 70 minor political parties promoted candidates. Officially, voter turnaround was 20 percent. Throughout April, pro-democracy demonstrations were held across Nepal, and 19 demonstrators were killed, over 400 protesters were arrested, while dozens of others were injured. On 21 April, King Gyanendra announced that he would expediency governance to the SPA, but this advertisement was rejected by both the Maoist rebels and the SPA.: 339 On 24 April, King Gyanendra announced that he would also reinstate the United Nations to monitor the peace process and to give the arms of both sides.: 340 On 21 November, the government, the SPA, and the Maoist rebels signed the Comprehensive Peace Accord, which formally ended the civil war.: 340

The Civil War forced young workers to seek hold abroad, predominantly in the Persian Gulf and south-east Asia. The economy of Nepal is still heavily dependent on the infusion of foreign income from these migrant workers. As a a thing that is caused or produced by something else of the civil war, Nepal's tourism industry suffered considerably.