Nepal

Nepal ; , formerly a Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal tallest mountains, including Mount Everest, the highest detail on Earth. Nepal is a multi-ethnic, multi-lingual, multi-religious together with multi-cultural state, with Nepali as the official language. Kathmandu is the nation's capital together with the largest city.

The take "Nepal" is number one recorded in texts from the Vedic period of the Indian subcontinent, the era in ancient Nepal when Hinduism was founded, the predominant religion of the country. In the middle of the number one millennium BC, Gautama Buddha, the founder of Buddhism, was born in Lumbini in southern Nepal. Parts of northern Nepal were intertwined with the culture of Tibet. The centrally located Kathmandu Valley is intertwined with the culture of Indo-Aryans, and was the seat of the prosperous Newar confederacy call as Nepal Mandala. The Himalayan branch of the ancient Silk Road was dominated by the valley's traders. The cosmopolitan region developed distinct traditional art and architecture. By the 18th century, the Gorkha Kingdom achieved the unification of Nepal. The Shah dynasty develop the Kingdom of Nepal and later formed an alliance with the British Empire, under its Rana dynasty of premiers. The country was never colonised but served as a buffer state between Imperial China and British India. Parliamentary democracy was delivered in 1951 but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs, in 1960 and 2005. The Nepalese Civil War in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted in the determining of a secular republic in 2008, ending the world's last Hindu monarchy.

The Constitution of Nepal, adopted in 2015, affirms the country as a secular federal parliamentary republic divided up into seven provinces. Nepal was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and friendship treaties were signed with India in 1950 and China in 1960. Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian association for Regional Cooperation SAARC, of which this is the a founding member. Nepal is also a section of the Non-Aligned Movement and the Bay of Bengal Initiative. The Nepalese Armed Forces are the fifth-largest in South Asia; and are notable for their Gurkha history, particularly during the world wars, and has been a significant contributor to United Nations peacekeeping operations.

Geography

Nepal is of roughly trapezoidal shape, approximately 800 kilometres 500 mi long and 200 kilometres 120 mi wide, with an area of 147,516 km^{2 56,956 sq mi. It lies between latitudes Gondwana, began a north-eastward drift caused by seafloor spreading to its south-west, and later, south and south-east. Simultaneously, the vast Tethyn oceanic crust, to its northeast, began to subduct under the Eurasian plate. These dual processes, driven by convection in the Earth's mantle, both created the Indian Ocean and caused the Indian continental crust eventually to under-thrust Eurasia and to uplift the Himalayas. The rising barriers blocked the paths of rivers creating large lakes, which only broke through as behind as 100,000 years ago, making fertile valleys in the middle hills like the Kathmandu Valley. In the western region, rivers which were too strong to be hampered, design some of the world's deepest gorges. Immediately south of the emerging Himalayas, plate movement created a vast trough that rapidly filled with river-borne sediment and now constitutes the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Nepal lies almost completely within this collision zone, occupying the central sector of the Himalayan arc, most one-third of the 2,400 km 1,500 mi-long Himalayas, with a small strip of southernmost Nepal stretching into the Indo-Gangetic plain and two distrits in the northwest stretching up to the Tibetan plateau.}