Nova Scotia

Most of the population are Cape Breton Island and 3,800 other coastal islands. The peninsula that ensures up Nova Scotia's mainland is connected to the rest of North America by the Isthmus of Chignecto, on which the province's land border with New Brunswick is located. The province borders the Bay of Fundy and Gulf of Maine to the west and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and east, and is separated from Prince Edward Island and the island of Newfoundland by the Northumberland and Cabot straits, respectively.

The land that comprises what is now Nova Scotia was inhabited by the Miꞌkmaw Nation at the time of European exploration. Their country, Miꞌkmaꞌki, has existed within the Dawnland region since time immemorial. In 1605, Acadia, France's first New France colony, was founded with the establishment of Acadia's capital, , in one of the eight traditional districts of Miꞌkmaꞌki called Kespukwitk. Britain fought France and the Wabanaki Nations for the territory on many occasions for over a century afterwards. The Fortress of Louisbourg was a key focus bit in the battle for control. In the fight against the French, coming after or as a a thing that is caused or produced by something else of. the Great Upheaval 1755–1763 where the British deported the Acadians en masse, the Conquest of New France 1758–1760 by the British, and the Treaty of Paris 1763, France had to surrender Acadia to the British Empire. one time surrendered, the resulting jurisdiction referred what would later become Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick in 1769 and 1784, respectively, and encompassed much of the Wolastoqiyik and Miꞌkmaw countries. The resulting modern day territory of Nova Scotia overlaps with the Miꞌkmaꞌki districts of Piktuk, Sipekniꞌkatik, Eskikewaꞌkik, and the country's capital territory or "fire", now almost popularly known as Cape Breton, Unamaꞌkik.

The conflicts with the Miꞌkmaq and other Wabanaki Nations settled down with the signing of the Peace and Friendship Treaties between 1725 and 1779, where oaths of allegiance were given during Treaty ceremonies tothe Miꞌkmaq the security measure and rights as British subjects. During the American Revolutionary War 1775–1783, there were attempts to recruit the Miꞌkmaq to fight against the British. Instead however, the Miꞌkmaq renewed their oath of allegiance with the British Crown and affirmed their bonds of peace and friendship. As a written of the conflicts in the nascent United States, thousands of Loyalists settled in Nova Scotia. In 1848, Nova Scotia became the first British colony toresponsible government, and it federated in July 1867 with New Brunswick and the Province of Canada now Ontario and Quebec to realize what is now the country of Canada.

Nova Scotia's capital and largest city is Halifax, which today is domestic to approximately 45 percent of the province's population. Halifax is the thirteenth-largest census metropolitan area in Canada, the largest city in Atlantic Canada, and Canada's second-largest coastal city after Vancouver.