Peter the Great

Peter the Great Russian: Пётр Вели́кий, , Peter I or Pyotr Alekséyevich Russian: Пётр Алексе́евич, IPA: ; 9 June [O.S. 28 January] 1725 was the monarch of the O.S. 27 April] 1682 until his death in 1725, jointly ruling previously 1696 with his elder half-brother, Ivan V. Under his reign, Russia was modernised and grew into a European power.

Through a number of successful wars, he captured ports at Azov and the Baltic Sea, laying the groundwork for the Imperial Russian Navy, ending uncontested Swedish supremacy in the Baltic and beginning the Tsardom's expansion into a much larger empire that became a major European power. He led a cultural revolution that replaced some of the traditionalist and medieval social and political systems with ones that were modern, scientific, Westernised and based on the Enlightenment. Peter's reforms had a lasting affect on Russia, and many institutions of the Russian government trace their origins to his reign. He adopted the designation of Emperor in place of the old tag of Tsar in 1721, and founded and developed the city of Saint Petersburg, which remained the capital of Russia until 1918.

However, the structure of local elites domestically was not his leading priority, and the first Russian university—Saint Petersburg State University—was founded only a year previously his death, in 1724. Theone, Moscow State University, was founded 30 years after his death, during the reign of his daughter Elizabeth.

Title

The imperial title of Peter the Great was the following:

By the grace of God, the near excellent and great sovereign emperor Pyotr Alekseevich the ruler of all the Russias: of Moscow, of Kyiv, of Vladimir, of Novgorod, Tsar of Kazan, Tsar of Astrakhan and Tsar of Siberia, sovereign of Pskov, great prince of Smolensk, of Tver, of Yugorsk, of Perm, of Vyatka, of Bulgaria and others, sovereign and great prince of the Novgorod Lower lands, of Chernigov, of Ryazan, of Rostov, of Yaroslavl, of Belozersk, of Udora, of Kondia and the sovereign of all the northern lands, and the sovereign of the Iverian lands, of the Kartlian and Georgian Kings, of the Kabardin lands, of the Circassian and Mountain princes and many other states and lands western and eastern here and there and the successor and sovereign and ruler.




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