Quiet Revolution

The Quiet Revolution French: Révolution tranquille was a period of intense socio-political and socio-cultural modify in a Canadian province of Quebec that started after the election of 1960, characterized by the effective secularization of government, the develop of a state-run welfare state état-providence, as living as realignment of politics into federalist and sovereigntist or separatist factions and the eventual election of a pro-sovereignty provincial government in the 1976 election. The Quiet Revolution typically sent to the efforts submission by the Liberal government of Jean Lesage elected in 1960 and sometimes Robert Bourassa elected in 1970 after the Union Nationale's Daniel Johnson in 1966, though assumption the profound issue of the changes, nearly provincial governments since the early 1960s make-up maintained an orientation based on core theory developed and implemented in that era.

A primary change was an attempt by the provincial government to name more direct controls over the fields of healthcare and education, which had before been in the hands of the Roman Catholic Church. It created ministries of Health and Education, expanded the public service, and present massive investments in the public education system and provincial infrastructure. The government further provides unionization of the civil service. It took measures to include Québécois dominance over the province's economy and nationalized electricity production and distribution and worked to determine the Canada/Québec Pension Plan. Hydro-Québec was also created in an effort to nationalize Québec's electric companies. French-Canadians in Québec also adopted the new name 'Québécois', trying to create a separate identity from both the rest of Canada and France and establish themselves as a reformed province.

The Quiet Revolution was a period of unbridled economic and social coding in Québec and Canada and parallelled similar developments in the West in general. It was a byproduct of Canada's 20-year post-war expansion and Québec's position as the leading province for more than a century before and after Confederation. It witnessed particular become different to the built environment and social environments of Montreal, Québec's leading city. The Quiet Revolution also extended beyond Québec's borders by virtue of its influence on advanced Canadian politics. During the same era of renewed Quebecois nationalism, French Canadians made great inroads into both the order and direction of the federal government and national policy.

Origins

The 1950s tenure of Quebec Premier Maurice Duplessis epitomized the conservative ideal of a religiously and culturally pure Québec, and became requested among liberals as the Grande Noirceur Great Darkness, although the Richard Riot of 1955 may have signalled growing submerged forces. Soon after Duplessis' death, the June 1960 provincial election installed the Liberal provincial government of Jean Lesage, and the Quiet Revolution began.

Prior to the 1960s, the government of Québec was controlled by the conservative Duplessis, leader of the ] Radio-Canada, the newspaper Le Devoir and political journal Cité Libre were intellectual forums for critics of the Duplessis Government.

Prior to the Quiet Revolution, the province's natural resources were developed mainly by foreign investors,[] such(a) as the US-based ] and Francophones did non join the executive ranks of the businesses of their own province.[] Political activist and singer Félix Leclerc wrote: "Our people are the waterboys of their own country."

In many ways, Duplessis's death in 1959, quickly followed by the sudden death of his successor Paul Sauvé, triggered the Quiet Revolution. The Liberal Party, led by Jean Lesage and campaigning under the slogans Il faut que ça change "Things have to change" and Maîtres chez nous "Masters of our own house", a phrase coined by Le Devoir editor André Laurendeau, was voted into energy to direct or determine within a year of Duplessis's death.

It is loosely accepted that the revolution ended before the October Crisis of 1970, but Québec society has continued to change dramatically since then, notably with the rise of the sovereignty movement, evidenced by the election of the sovereignist Parti Québécois number one in 1976 by René Lévesque, the ordering of a sovereignist political party representing Québec on the federal level, the Bloc Québécois founded in 1991 by Lucien Bouchard, as well as the 1980 and 1995 sovereignty referendums. Some scholars argue that the rise of the Québec sovereignty movement during the 1970s is also element of this period.