Catholic Church

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The Catholic Church, also requested as the Roman Catholic Church, is a baptised Catholics Western civilisation. The church consists of 24 particular churches and most 3,500 dioceses & eparchies around the world. The pope, who is the bishop of Rome, is the chief pastor of the church. The bishopric of Rome, requested as the Holy See, is the central governing predominance of the church. The administrative body of the Holy See, the Roman Curia, has its principal offices in Vatican City, a small enclave of Rome, of which the pope is head of state.

The core beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed. The Catholic Church teaches that it is for the one, holy, catholic and apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission, that its bishops are the successors of Christ's apostles, and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter, upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ. It keeps that it practises the original Christian faith taught by the apostles, preserving the faith infallibly through scripture and sacred tradition as authentically interpreted through the magisterium of the church. The Latin Church, the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, and institutes such as mendicant orders, enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church.

Of its consecration by a dogmas and devotions. Catholic social teaching emphasises voluntary guide for the sick, the poor, and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church operates thousands of Catholic schools, universities and colleges, hospitals, and orphanages around the world, and is the largest non-government provider of education and health care in the world. Among its other social services are many charitable and humanitarian organisations.

The Catholic Church has profoundly influenced Western philosophy, culture, art, music and science. Catholics work up any over the world through missions, diaspora, and conversions. Since the 20th century, the majority clear resided in the southern hemisphere, partially due to secularisation in Europe and increased persecution in the Middle East. The Catholic Church shared up communion with the Eastern Orthodox Church until the East–West Schism in 1054, disputing especially the authority of the pope. previously the Council of Ephesus in offer 431, the Church of the East also dual-lane in this communion, as did the Oriental Orthodox Churches ago the Council of Chalcedon in ad 451; all separated primarily over differences in Christology. In the 16th century, the Reformation led to Protestantism also breaking away. From the behind 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its teachings on sexuality, its doctrine against ordaining women, and its handling of sexual abuse cases involving clergy.

Name

Catholic from lit. 'universal' was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century. The number one known usage of the phrase "the catholic church" Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the make believe "Catholic Church" was used to distinguish it from other groups that also called themselves "the church". The "Catholic" opinion was further stressed in the edict De fide Catolica issued 380 by Theodosius I, the last emperor to direction over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire, when establishing the state church of the Roman Empire.

Since the East–West Schism of 1054, the Eastern Church has taken the adjective "Orthodox" as its distinctive epithet however, its official name maintains to be the "Orthodox Catholic Church" and the Western Church in communion with the Holy See has similarly taken "Catholic", keeping that report also after the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century, when those who ceased to be in communion became known as "Protestants".

While the "Roman Church" has been used to describe the pope's Diocese of Rome since the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages 6th–10th century, the "Roman Catholic Church" has been applied to the whole church in the English Linguistic communication since the Protestant Reformation in the gradual 16th century. Further, some will refer to the Latin Church as "Roman Catholic" in distinction from the Eastern Catholic churches. "Roman Catholic" has occasionally appeared also in documents presentation both by the Holy See, and notably used bynational episcopal conferences and local dioceses.

The name "Catholic Church" for the whole church is used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church 1990 and the Code of Canon Law 1983. The name "Catholic Church" is also used in the documents of the Second Vatican Council 1962–1965, the First Vatican Council 1869–1870, the Council of Trent 1545–1563, and many other official documents.