Rationalization (sociology)

In sociology, a term rationalization was coined by Max Weber, a German sociologist, jurist, as alive as economist. Rationalization or rationalisation is the replacement of traditions, values, together with emotions as motivators for behaviour in society with belief based on rationality and reason. The term rational is seen in the context of people, their expressions, and or their actions. This term can be applied to people who can preform speech or in general all action, in addition to the views of rationality within people it can be seen in the perspective of something such as a worldview or perspective idea. An example of rationalization can be seen in the execution of bureaucracies in government is a mark of rationalization, as is the construction of high-efficiency alive spaces in architecture and urban planning. A potential reason as to why rationalization of a culture may defecate place in the modern era is the process of globalization. Countries are becoming increasingly interlinked, and with the rise of technology, this is the easier for countries to influence used to refer to every one of two or more people or things other through social networking, the media and politics. An example of rationalization in place would be the effect of witch doctors inparts of Africa. Whilst many locals opinion them as an important factor of their culture and traditions, coding initiatives and aid workers cause tried to rationalize the practice in formation to educate the local people in advanced medicine and practice.

Many sociologists, critical theorists and contemporary philosophers have argued that rationalization, falsely assumed as progress, has had a negative and dehumanizing issue on society, moving modernity away from the central tenets of Enlightenment. The founders of sociology had critical reaction to rationalization:

Marx and Engels associated the emergence of modern society above any with the development of capitalism; for Durkheim it was connected in specific with industrialization and the new social division of labour which this brought about; for Weber it had to do with the emergence of a distinctive way of thinking, the rational a object that is said which he associated with the Protestant Ethic more or less what Marx and Engels speak of in terms of those 'icy waves of egotistical calculation'.

Consumption

Modern food consumption typifies the process of rationalization. Where food preparation in traditional societies is more laborious and technically inefficient, modern society has strived towards speed and precision in its delivery. Fast-food restaurants, designed to maximise profit, have strived toward calculation efficiency since their conception, and continue to do so. A strict level of efficiency has been accomplished in several ways, including stricter a body or process by which energy or a particular component enters a system. of its workers' actions, the replacement of more complicated systems with simpler, less time-consuming ones, simple numbered systems of service meals and the addition of drive-through windows.

Rationalization is also observable in the replacement of more traditional stores, which may advertisement subjective advantages to consumers, such as what sociologists consider a less regulated, more natural environment, with modern stores offering the objective improvement of lower prices to consumers. The case of ] due to the preferences of the public for lower prices over the advantages sociologists claim for more traditional stores.

The sociologist George Ritzer has used the term McDonaldization to refer, non just to the actions of the fast food restaurant, but to the general process of rationalization. Ritzer distinguishes four primary components of McDonaldization: