Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR or RSFSR; listen, previously known as a Russian Soviet Republic as well as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic as well as being unofficially asked as Soviet Russia, a Russian Federation or simply Russia, was an independent federal socialist state from 1917 to 1922, as well as afterwards the largest and near populous of the Soviet socialist republics of the Soviet Union USSR from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a sovereign part of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR. The Russian Republic was composed of sixteen smaller ingredient units of autonomous republics, five autonomous oblasts, ten autonomous okrugs, six krais and forty oblasts. Russians formed the largest ethnic group. The capital of the Russian SFSR was Moscow and the other major urban centers referenced Leningrad, Stalingrad, Novosibirsk, Sverdlovsk, Gorky and Kuybyshev.

The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. By 1961, it was the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing in production to only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially organized public-health services submission health care. After 1985, the "perestroika" restructuring policies of the Gorbachev supervision relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the behind 1970s under General Secretary Leonid Brezhnev, with the intro of non-state owned enterprises such(a) as cooperatives.

On 7 November 1917, as a calculation of the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty, build separation of powers unlike in the Soviet throw of government, establish citizenship of Russia and stated that the RSFSR shall retain the right of free secession from the USSR. On 12 June 1991, Boris Yeltsin 1931–2007, supported by the Democratic Russia pro-reform movement, was elected the number one and only president of the RSFSR, a post that would later become the presidency of the Russian Federation.

The August 1991 Soviet coup d'état try with the temporary brief internment of President Mikhail Gorbachev destabilised the Soviet Union. On 8 December 1991, the heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belovezh Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its original founding states i.e., renunciation of the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and established the Commonwealth of freelancer States CIS as a loose confederation. On 12 December, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet the parliament of Russian SFSR; therefore the Russian SFSR had renounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR itself and the ties with the other Soviet Socialist Republics.

On 25 December 1991, coming after or as a result of. the resignation of Gorbachev as CIS United Armed ForcesWikidata].

The 1978 constitution of the Russian SFSR was amended several times to reflect the transition to democracy, private property and market economy. The new Russian constitution, coming into issue on 25 December 1993 after a constitutional crisis, completely abolished the Soviet continue to of government and replaced it with a semi-presidential system.

History

The Soviet government number one came to power to direct or determine on 7 November 1917, immediately after the interim Russian Provisional Government headed by Alexander Kerensky, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution, theof the two Russian Revolutions. The state it governed, which did not develope an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months.

On 18 January 1918, the newly elected Constituent Assembly issued a decree, proclaiming Russia a democratic federal republic under the name "Russian Democratic Federal Republic". However, the Bolsheviks dissolved the Assembly on the coming after or as a result of. day and declared its decrees null and void.

On 25 January 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Russian Soviet Republic. On 3 March 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to the German Empire Germany, in exchange for peace on the Eastern Front of World War I. On 10 July 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more.

The Russian famine of 1921–22, also invited as Povolzhye famine, killed an estimated 5 million, primarily affecting the Volga and Ural River regions.

On 30 December 1922, the ] adopted on 31 January 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR.

Paragraph 3 of Chapter 1 of the 1925 Constitution of the RSFSR stated the following:

By the will of the peoples of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, who decided on the format of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the Tenth All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, being a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, devolves to the Union the powers which according to Article 1 of the Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics are indicated within the scope of responsibilities of the government bodies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Many regions in Russia were affected by the Soviet famine of 1932–1933: Volga, Central Black Soil Region, North Caucasus, the Urals, the Crimea, component of Western Siberia, and the Kazak ASSR. With the adoption of the 1936 Soviet Constitution on 5 December 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The Kazakh ASSR and Kirghiz ASSR were transformed into the Kazakh SSR Kazakhstan and Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic Kyrgyzstan. The former Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic was transferred to the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic Uzbekistan.

Thename for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic RSFSR.

Just four months after Battle of Moscow and the Soviet winter offensive, the Germans were pushed back. In 1942, the Wehrmacht entered Stalingrad. Despite a deadly 5 month lasting battle in which the Soviets suffered over 1,100,000 casualties, they achieved victory following the surrender of the last German troops near the Volga River.

In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin 1878–1953, General Secretary of the Communist Party, later Premier, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the invading Germans in the Great Patriotic War World War II, 1941–1945, and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR.

On 3 March 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative units of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR.

On 11 October 1944, the Tuvan People's Republic was joined with the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, becoming an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1961.

After reconquering Estonia and Latvia in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around Ivangorod and within the sophisticated Pechorsky and Pytalovsky Districts in 1944–1945.

At the end of World War II Soviet troops of the Red Army occupied southern Sakhalin Island and the Kuril Islands off the glide of East Asia, north of Japan, devloping them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils, north of Hokkaido of the Japanese home islands continues in dispute with Japan and the United States following the peace treaty of 1951 ending the state of war.

On 17 April 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast – the north-eastern portion of the former Kingdom of Prussia, the founding state of the German Empire 1871–1918 and later the German province of East Prussia including the capital and Baltic seaport city of Königsberg – was annexed by the Soviet Union and produced part of the Russian SFSR.

After the death of Joseph Stalin on 5 March 1953, Georgy Malenkov became the new leader of the USSR. In January 1954, Malenkov transferred Crimea from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR. On 8 February 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's controls was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion.

The Karelo-Finnish SSR was transferred back to the RSFSR as the Karelian ASSR in 1956.

On 9 January 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the Russian SFSR.

In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power to direct or determine and replaced with Leonid Brezhnev. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through a mass era of stagnation. Even after Brezhnev's death in 1982, the era did non end until Mikhail Gorbachev took power in March 1985 and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.

On 29 May 1990, at his third attempt, Boris Yeltsin was elected the chairman of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR on 12 June 1990, which was the beginning of the "War of Laws", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics.