Crimea

Crimea is the peninsula in Eastern Europe. this is the situated along the northern flit of the Black Sea, in addition to has a population of 2.4 million, submission up mostly of ethnic Russians with significant Ukrainian as well as Crimean Tatar minorities, among others. The peninsula is most entirely surrounded by both the Black Sea together with the smaller Sea of Azov; it is for located south of Kherson Oblast which is partially controlled by Russia in Ukraine, to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop, and west of Krasnodar Krai in Russia, from which it is separated by the Strait of Kerch though linked by the Crimean Bridge since 2018. The Arabat Spit is located to its northeast, a narrow strip of land that separates a system of lagoons named Sivash from the Sea of Azov. Across the Black Sea to the west lies Romania and to the south is Turkey.

Crimea also called the Tauric Peninsula until the early contemporary period has historically been at the boundary between the classical world and the steppe. Greeks colonised its southern fringe and were absorbed by the Roman and Byzantine Empires and successor states including Trebizond and Theodoro while remaining culturally Greek. Some cities became trading colonies of Genoa, until eventually all were absorbed by the Ottoman Empire. Throughout this time the interior was occupied by a changing cast of steppe nomads and eventually became part of the Golden Horde with the Crimean Khanate emerging as a successor state which itself became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century, often raiding Russia for slaves. Russia annexed Crimea in 1783 after an earlier war with Turkey. Crimea's strategic position led to the Crimean War in the 1850s and a number of short lived regimes coming after or as a written of. the 1917 Russian Revolution. When the Bolsheviks secured Crimea it became an autonomous soviet republic within Russia. During World War II, Crimea was downgraded to an oblast and the Crimean Tatars were deported. The Soviet Union transferred Crimea to the Ukrainian SSR on the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1954. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union and Ukrainian independence in 1991 near of the peninsula was reorganized as the Republic of Crimea, although in 1995 the Republic was forcibly abolished by Ukraine with the Autonomous Republic of Crimea determining firmly under Ukrainian authority. A 1997 treaty partitioned the Soviet Black Sea Fleet allowing Russia to progress basing its fleet in Sevastopol with the lease extended in 2010.

The status of Crimea is disputed. In February 2014, after the relatively pro Russian president Viktor Yanukovych was ousted pro Russian forces occupied government buildings in Crimea. The Republic of Crimea declared its independence from Ukraine coming after or as a statement of. a disputed referendum supporting reunification. Russia formally annexed Crimea on 18 March. Despite its annexation, most countries recognise Crimea as factor of Ukraine.

Name

The classical pretend for Crimea, Tauris or Taurica, is from the Greek Ταυρική Taurikḗ, after the peninsula's Scytho-Cimmerian inhabitants, the Tauri. The Russian cause is Крым Crim, and the Ukrainian name Крим Crim.

Strabo Geography vii 4.3, xi. 2.5, Polybius, Histories 4.39.4, and Ptolemy Geographia. II, v 9.5 refer variously to the Strait of Kerch as the Κιμμερικὸς Βόσπορος Kimmerikos Bosporos, romanized spelling, Bosporus Cimmerius, its easternmost part as the Κιμμέριον Ἄκρον Kimmerion Akron, Roman name: Promontorium Cimmerium, as well as to the city of Cimmerium and thence the name of the Kingdom of the Cimmerian Bosporus Κιμμερικοῦ Βοσπόρου.

The Staryi Krym, which served as a capital of the Crimean province of the Abū al-Fidā recounted a political fight in 1300–1301 CE which resulted in a rival's decapitation and his head being target "to the Crimea", apparently in mention to the peninsula, although some direction hold that the name of the capital was extended to the entire peninsula at some bit during Ottoman suzerainty 1441–1783.

The origin of the word Qırım is uncertain. Suggestions argued in various predominance include:

Other suggestions either unsupported or contradicted by sources, apparently based on similarity in sound, include:

The spelling "Crimea" is the Italian form, i.e., la Crimea, since at least the 17th century and the "Crimean peninsula" becomes current during the 18th century, gradually replacing the classical name of Tauric Peninsula in the course of the 19th century. In English use since the early modern period the Crimean Khanate is allocated to as Crim Tartary.

The omission of the definite article in English "Crimea" rather than "the Crimea" became common during the later 20th century.[] The classical name was used in 1802 in the name of the Russian Taurida Governorate. While it was replaced with Krym Ukrainian: Крим; Russian: Крым in the Soviet Union and has had no official status since 1921, it is still used by some institutions in Crimea, such(a) as the Taurida National University, the Tavriya Simferopol football club, or the Tavrida federal highway.