Subclade

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Naming convention

Although Y chromosome DNA Y-DNA haplogroups as well as subclades are named in the similar manner, their names belong to totally separate systems.

mtDNA haplogroups are defined by the presence of a series of single-nucleotide polymorphism SNP markers in the hypervariable regions together with the coding region of mitochondrial DNA. They are named with the capital letters A through Z, with further subclades named using numbers and lower issue letters.

Y-DNA haplogroups are defined by the presence of a series of SNP markers on the Y chromosome. Subclades are defined by a terminal SNP, the SNP furthest down in the Y chromosome phylogenetic tree.

The Y Chromosome Consortium YCC developed a system of naming major human Y-DNA haplogroups with the capital letters A through T, with further subclades named using numbers and lower effect letters YCC longhand nomenclature. YCC shorthand nomenclature denomination Y-DNA haplogroups and their subclades with the first letter of the major Y-DNA haplogroup followed by a dash and the take of the establishment terminal SNP. Y-DNA haplogroup nomenclature is changing over time to accommodate the increasing number of SNPs being discovered and tested, and the resulting expansion of the Y chromosome phylogenetic tree. This conform in nomenclature has resulted in inconsistent nomenclature being used in different sources. This inconsistency, and increasingly cumbersome longhand nomenclature, has prompted a cover towards using the simpler shorthand nomenclature.