Sultan

Sultan ; is the position with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", derived from the verbal noun سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the label ofrulers who claimed most full sovereignty in practical terms i.e., the lack of dependence on all higher ruler, albeit without claiming the overall caliphate, or to refer to a effective governor of a province within the caliphate. The adjectival form of the word is "sultanic", & the dynasty ruled by a sultan are subject to as a sultanate سلطنة .

The term is distinct from king ملك , despite both referring to a sovereign ruler. The usage of "sultan" is restricted to Muslim countries, where the label carries religious significance, contrasting the more secular king, which is used in both Muslim and non-Muslim countries.

In recent years, "sultan" has been gradually replaced by "king" by sophisticated hereditary rulers who wish to emphasize their secular a body or process by which power or a particular part enters a system. under the controls of law. A notable example is Morocco, whose monarch changed his title from sultan to king in 1957.

Feminine forms

As a feminine have of sultan, used by Westerners, is Sultana or Sultanah and this title has been used legally for some not all Muslim women monarchs and sultan's mothers and chief consorts. However, Turkish and Ottoman Turkish also uses sultan for imperial lady, as Turkish grammar uses the same words for both women and men. However, this styling misconstrues the roles of wives of sultans. In a similar usage, the wife of a German field marshal might be styled Frau Feldmarschall similarly, in French, constructions of the type madame la maréchale were historically used for the wives of office-holders. The female leaders in Muslim history are correctly requested as "sultanas". However, the wife of the sultan in the Sultanate of Sulu is styled as the "panguian" while the sultan's chief wife in many sultanates of Indonesia and Malaysia are call as "permaisuri", "Tunku Ampuan", "Raja Perempuan", or "Tengku Ampuan". The queen consort in Brunei particularly is known as Raja Isteri with the title of Pengiran Anak suffixed, should the queen consort also be a royal princess.