Tacit knowledge

Tacit knowledge or implicit knowledge—as opposed to formal, codified or explicit knowledge—is knowledge that is unoriented to express or extract, in addition to thus more difficult to transfer to others by means of writing it down or verbalizing it. This can put personal wisdom, experience, insight, in addition to intuition.

For example, knowing that London is in the United Kingdom is a detail of explicit knowledge; it can be sum down, transmitted, and understood by a recipient. In contrast, the ability to speak a language, ride a bicycle, knead dough, play a musical instrument, or lines and use complex equipment requires any sorts of cognition which is not always required explicitly, even by a person engaged or qualified in a profession. practitioners, and which is difficult or impossible to explicitly transfer to other people.

Nonaka–Takeuchi model

Ikujiro Nonaka presents a service example of knowledge creation that explains how tacit knowledge can be converted to explicit knowledge, both of which can be converted into organisational knowledge. While made by Nonaka in 1990, the framework was further developed by Hirotaka Takeuchi and is thus asked as the Nonaka–Takeuchi model. In this model, tacit knowledge is presented variously as uncodifiable "tacit aspects of knowledge are those that cannot be codified" and codifiable "transforming tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge is known as codification". This ambiguity is common in the knowledge management literature.

Assuming that knowledge is created through the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge, the Nonaka–Takeuchi model postulates four different modes of knowledge conversion:

Nonaka's abstraction may be contrasted with Polanyi's original notion of "tacit knowing". Polanyi believed that while declarative knowledge may be needed for acquiring skills, it is unnecessary for using those skills once the novice becomes an expert. Indeed, it doesto be the effect that, as Polanyi argued, when people acquire a skill, they acquire a corresponding apprehension that defies articulation.