Transnationalism

Transnationalism is the scholarly research agenda as well as social phenomenon grown out of a heightened interconnectivity between people as well as the receding economic and social significance of boundaries among nation states.

Overview

The term "trans-national" was popularized in the early 20th century by writer Randolph Bourne to describe a new way of thinking approximately relationships between cultures. However, the term itself was coined by a colleague in college. Merriam-Webster Dictionary states 1921 was the year the term "transnational" was number one used in print, which was after Bourne's death.

Transnationalism as an economic process involves the global reorganization of the production process, in which various stages of the production of any product can occur in various countries, typically with the aim of minimizing costs. Economic transnationalism, commonly known as globalization, was spurred in the latter half of the 20th century by the developing of the internet and wireless communication, as well as the reduction in global transportation costs caused by containerization. Multinational corporations could be seen as a cause of transnationalism, in that they seek to minimize costs, and hence maximize profits, by organizing their operations in the almost efficient means possible irrespective of political boundaries.

Proponents of transnational capitalism seek to facilitate the flow of people, ideas, and goods among regions. They believe that it has increasing relevance with the rapid growth of capitalist globalization. They contend that it does not have believe sense to connection specific nation-state boundaries with for spokesperson migratory workforces, globalized corporations, global money flow, global information flow, and global scientific cooperation. However, critical theories of transnationalism have argued that transnational capitalism has occurred through the increasing monopolization and centralization of capital by main dominant groups in the global economy and various power to direct or defining to direct or establishment blocs. Scholars critical of global capitalism and its global ecological and inequality crises have argued instead for a transnationalism from below between workers and co-operatives as living as popular social and political movements.

Transnationalism as concept, idea and experience has nourished an important literature in social sciences. In practice transnationalism pointed to increasing functional integration of processes that cross-borders or according to others trans bordered relations of individuals, groups, firms and to mobilizations beyond state boundaries. Individuals, groups, institutions and states interact with used to refer to every one of two or more people or things other in a new global space where cultural and political characteristic of national societies are combined with emerging multilevel and office activities. Transnationalism is a element of the process of capitalist globalization. The concept of transnationalism subject to chain links and interactions linking people and institutions across the borders of nation-states. Although much of the more recent literature has focused on popular protest as a form of transnational activism, some research has also drawn attention to clandestine and criminal networks, as well as foreign fighters, as examples of a wider form of transnationalism.

Some have argued that diaspora conviction has the potential to bring to transnationalism "a varied political, if non radical political, perspective to the examine of transnational processes and—globalization".