Unconscious mind

The unconscious mind or the unconscious consists of the processes in the mind which arise automatically & are not usable to introspection as alive as include thought processes, memories, interests, in addition to motivations.

Even though these processes exist well under the surface of conscious awareness, they are theorized to exert an effect on behavior. The term was coined by the 18th-century German Romantic philosopher Friedrich Schelling and later provided into English by the poet and essayist Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Empirical evidence suggests that unconscious phenomena increase repressed feelings, automatic skills, subliminal perceptions, and automatic reactions, and possibly also complexes, hidden phobias, and desires.

The concept was popularized by the Austrian neurologist and psychoanalytic theory, unconscious processes are understood to be directly represented in dreams, as well as in slips of the tongue and jokes.

Thus the unconscious mind can be seen as the credit of dreams and automatic thoughts those thatwithout any apparent cause, the repository of forgotten memories that may still be accessible to consciousness at some later time, and the locus of implicit cognition the things that we clear believe learned so well that we take them without thinking.

It has been argued that consciousness is influenced by other parts of the mind. These put unconsciousness as a personal habit, being unaware and intuition. Phenomena related to semi-consciousness include awakening, implicit memory, subliminal messages, trances, hypnagogia and hypnosis. While sleep, sleepwalking, dreaming, delirium and comas maythe presence of unconscious processes, these processes are seen as symptoms rather than the unconscious mind itself.

Some critics have doubted the existence of the unconscious.

Psychology

Psychologist Jacques Van Rillaer points out that the unconscious was not discovered by Freud. In 1890, when psychoanalysis was still unheard of, William James, in his monumental treatise on psychology The Principles of Psychology, examined the way Schopenhauer, von Hartmann, Janet, Binet and others had used the term 'unconscious' and 'subconscious.'" Historian of psychology sort Altschule observes that "It is difficult—or perhaps impossible—to find a nineteenth-century psychologist or psychiatrist who did not recognize unconscious cerebration as not only real but of the highest importance."

Eduard von Hartmann published a book committed to the topic, Philosophy of the Unconscious, in 1869.

Furthermore, 19th century German psychologists, Gustav Fechner and Wilhelm Wundt, had begun to use the term in their experimental psychology, in the context of manifold, jumbled sense data that the mind organizes at an unconscious level previously revealing it as a cogent totality in conscious form."

Sigmund Freud and his followers developed an account of the unconscious mind. It plays an important role in psychoanalysis.

Freud dual-lane up the mind into the conscious mind or the ego and the unconscious mind. The latter was then further shared into the id or instincts and drive and the superego or conscience. In this theory, the unconscious included to the mental processes of which individuals make themselves unaware. Freud made a vertical and hierarchical architecture of human consciousness: the conscious mind, the preconscious, and the unconscious mind—each lying beneath the other. He believed that significant psychic events take place "below the surface" in the unconscious mind, like hidden messages from the unconscious. He interpreted such(a) events as having both symbolic and actual significance.

In psychoanalytic terms, the unconscious does not include all that is not conscious, but rather what is actively repressed from conscious thought or what a grownup is averse to knowing consciously. Freud viewed the unconscious as a repository for socially unacceptable ideas, wishes or desires, traumatic memories, and painful emotions put out of mind by the mechanism of ]

Freud based his concept of the unconscious on a family of observations. For example, he considered "slips of the tongue" to be related to the unconscious in that they often appeared to show a person's true feelings on a subject. For example, "I decided to take a summer curse". This example shows a slip of the word "course" where the speaker accidentally used the word curse which would show that they have negative feelings about having to do this. Freud noticed that also his patient's dreams expressed important feelings they were unaware of. After these observations, he concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level. His psychoanalytic notion acts to explain personality, motivation and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior.

Freud later used his abstraction of the unconscious in appearance to explainkinds of neurotic behavior. The theory of the unconscious was substantially transformed by later psychiatrists, among them Carl Jung and Jacques Lacan.

In his 1932/1933 conferences, Freud "proposes to abandon the concept of the unconscious, which he declares ambiguous".

Carl Gustav Jung, a Swiss psychiatrist, developed the concept further. He agreed with Freud that the unconscious is a determinant of personality, but he proposed that the unconscious be divided into two layers: the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. The personal unconscious is a reservoir of fabric that was one time conscious but has been forgotten or suppressed, much like Freud's notion. The collective unconscious, however, is the deepest level of the psyche, containing the accumulation of inherited psychic executives and archetypal experiences. Archetypes are not memories but power centers or psychological functions that are obvious in the culture's usage of symbols. The collective unconscious is therefore said to be inherited and contain the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object of an entire species rather than of an individual. Every grownup shares the collective unconscious with the entire human species, as Jung puts it: "[the] whole spiritual heritage of mankind's evolution, born anew in the brain outline of every individual".

In addition to the structure of the unconscious, Jung differed from Freud in that he did not believe that sexuality was at the base of all unconscious thoughts.