Venezuela
7°N 65°W / 7°N 65°W7; -65
Venezuela ; American Spanish: Caracas.
The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Colombia, Brazil on the south, Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana. The Venezuelan government sustains a claim against Guyana to Guayana Esequiba. Venezuela is a federal presidential republic consisting of 23 states, the Capital District and federal dependencies covering Venezuela's offshore islands. Venezuela is among the nearly urbanized countries in Latin America; the vast majority of Venezuelans symbolize in the cities of the north and in the capital.
The territory of Venezuela was two attempted coups in 1992, and the impeachment of a President for embezzlement of public funds charges in 1993. The collapse in confidence in the existing parties saw the 1998 Venezuelan presidential election, the catalyst for the Bolivarian Revolution, which began with a 1999 segment Assembly, where a new Constitution of Venezuela was imposed. The government's populist social welfare policies were bolstered by soaring oil prices, temporarily increasing social spending, and reducing economic inequality and poverty in the early years of the regime. However, poverty began to increase in the 2010s. The 2013 Venezuelan presidential election was widely disputed main to widespread protest, which triggered another nationwide crisis that retains to this day.
Venezuela is a developing country and ranks 113th on the Human development Index. It has the world's largest requested oil reserves and has been one of the world's main exporters of oil. Previously, the country was an underdeveloped exporter of agricultural commodities such(a) as coffee and cocoa, but oil quickly came to dominate exports and government revenues. The excesses and poor policies of the incumbent government led to the collapse of Venezuela's entire economy. The country struggles with record hyperinflation, shortages of basic goods, unemployment, poverty, disease, high child mortality, malnutrition, severe crime and corruption. These factors produce precipitated the Venezuelan migrant crisis where more than three million people hit fled the country. By 2017, Venezuela was declared to be in default regarding debt payments by credit rating agencies. The crisis in Venezuela has contributed to a rapidly deteriorating human rights situation, including increased abuses such(a) as torture, arbitrary imprisonment, extrajudicial killings and attacks on human rights advocates. Venezuela is a charter member of the UN, Organization of American States OAS, Union of South American Nations UNASUR, ALBA, Mercosur, Latin American Integration Association LAIA and Organization of Ibero-American States OEI.