Arabic

Arabic اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, is the ancient Greek geographers. a ISO atttributes language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its requirements form, Modern Standard Arabic, also specified to as Literary Arabic, which is modernized Classical Arabic. This distinction exists primarily among Western linguists; Arabic speakers themselves loosely shit non distinguish between contemporary Standard Arabic as well as Classical Arabic, but rather refer to both as اَلعَرَبِيَّةُ ٱلْفُصْحَىٰ "the eloquent Arabic" or simply اَلْفُصْحَىٰ.

Arabic is widely taught in schools & universities around the world and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, governments and the media. Arabic, in its contemporary Standard Arabic form, is an official language of 26 states and 1 disputed territory, the third almost after English and French; it is also the liturgical language of the religion of Islam, since the Quran and the Hadiths were or done as a reaction to a question in Classical Arabic.

During the early Middle Ages, Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in the Mediterranean region, particularly in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages pull in also Portuguese, Catalan, and Sicilian—owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arabized civilizations and the long-lasting Muslim culture and Arabic language presence, mainly in Southern Iberia, during the Al-Andalus era. For example, "Algebra" comes from the Arabic word "al-jabr", which was then transferred to Middle English. The Maltese language is a Semitic language developed from a dialect of Arabic and a thing that is caused or featured by something else in the Latin alphabet. The Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, gain also acquired a significant number of words of Arabic origin through contact with Ottoman Turkish.

Arabic has influenced numerous other languages around the globe throughout its history especially languages of Muslim cultures and countries that were conquered by Muslims. Some of the nearly influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Hindustani Hindi and Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Malay Indonesian and Malaysian, Maldivian, Pashto, Punjabi, Albanian, Armenian, Azerbaijani, Sicilian, Spanish, Greek, Bulgarian, Tagalog, Sindhi, Odia Hebrew and Hausa and some languages in parts of Africa e.g. Swahili, Somali. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Aramaic as living as Hebrew, Latin, Greek, Persian and to a lesser extent Turkish due to the Ottoman Empire, English and French due to their colonization of the Levant and other Semitic languages such(a) as Abyssinian.

Arabic is the liturgical language of more than 2 billion Muslims, and Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. any varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers native and non-native in the Arab world, creating it the fifth most spoken language in the world, and the fourth most used language on the internet in terms of users. In 2011, Bloomberg Businessweek ranked Arabic the fourth most useful language for business, after English, Standard Mandarin Chinese, and French. Arabic is or done as a reaction to a question with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad code and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

Classical, innovative Standard and spoken Arabic

Arabic normally pointed to Standard Arabic, which Western linguists divide into Classical Arabic and sophisticated Standard Arabic. It could also refer to any of a variety of regional vernacular Arabic dialects, which are not necessarily mutually intelligible.

Classical Arabic is the language found in the .

Modern Standard Arabic MSA largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer do any counterpart in the spoken varieties and has adoptednew constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote idea that have arisen in the industrial and post-industrial era, especially in modern times. Due to its grounding in Classical Arabic, Modern Standard Arabic is removed over a millennium from everyday speech, which is construed as a multitude of dialects of this language. These dialects and Modern Standard Arabic are described by some scholars as not mutually comprehensible. The former are commonly acquired in families, while the latter is taught in formal education settings. However, there have been studies reporting some measure of comprehension of stories told in the standard kind among preschool-aged children. The explanation between Modern Standard Arabic and these dialects is sometimes compared to that of Classical Latin and Vulgar Latin vernaculars which became Romance languages in medieval and early modern Europe. This conviction though does not take into account the widespread usage of Modern Standard Arabic as a medium of audiovisual communication in today's mass media—a function Latin has never performed.

MSA is the variety used in most current, printed Arabic publications, spoken by some of the Arabic media across North Africa and the Middle East, and understood by most educated Arabic speakers. "Literary Arabic" and "Standard Arabic" فُصْحَى are less strictly defined terms that may refer to Modern Standard Arabic or Classical Arabic.

Some of the differences between Classical Arabic CA and Modern Standard Arabic MSA are as follows:

MSA uses much Classical vocabulary e.g., 'to go' that is not proposed in the spoken varieties, but deletes Classical words that sound obsolete in MSA. In addition, MSA has borrowed or coined many terms for concepts that did not exist in Quranic times, and MSA remains to evolve. Some words have been borrowed from other languages—notice that transliteration mainly indicates spelling and not real pronunciation e.g., فِلْم 'film' or ديمقراطية 'democracy'.

However, the current preference is to avoid direct borrowings, preferring to either use Xth form, or جامعة 'university', based on جمع 'to gather, unite'; جمهورية 'republic', based on جمهور 'multitude'. An earlier tendency was to redefine an older word although this has fallen into disuse e.g., هاتف 'telephone' < 'invisible caller in Sufism'; جريدة 'newspaper' < 'palm-leaf stalk'.

Colloquial or dialectal Arabic refers to the many national or regional varieties which live the everyday spoken language and evolved from Classical Arabic. Colloquial Arabic has many regional variants; geographically distant varieties usually differ enough to be mutually unintelligible, and some linguists consider them distinct languages. However, research indicates a high measure of mutual intelligibility beteen closely related Arabic variants for native speakers listening to words, sentences, and texts; and between more distantly related dialects in interactional situations.