Yoruba people
Social / Communal concepts:
Timeline : History of a Yoruba people
Rulers Oba: Eléko · Ọọ̀ni · Alákétu · Aláàfin · Oníṣabẹ · Awùjalẹ̀ · Òràngún · Dééjì · Ọwá · Ọlọ́fà
Òjoyè · Ọmọba · Ọlọ́jà · Olú-awo · Olótu · Baṣọ̀run
West Africa:
Diaspora:
Contemporary:
Folk/Traditional:
The Yoruba people Yoruba: Ìran Yorùbá, Ọmọ Odùduwà, Ọmọ Káàárọ̀-oòjíire are a West African ethnic chain that mainly inhabits parts of Nigeria, Benin in addition to Togo that make up Yorubaland. The Yorubas symbolize more than 46 million people in Africa, are a few hundred thousand outside the continent, as well as bear further representation among members of the African diaspora. The vast majority of the Yoruba population is today within the country of Nigeria, where they gain up 15.5% of the country's population according to CIA estimations, devloping them one of the largest ethnic groups in Africa. most Yoruba people speak the Yoruba language, which is the Niger-Congo language with the largest number of native or L1 speakers.
In Africa, the Yoruba are contiguous with the Yoruboid Itsekiri to the south-east in the northwest Niger Delta, Bariba to the northwest in Benin together with Nigeria, the Nupe to the north and the Ebira to the northeast in central Nigeria. To the east are the Edo, Ẹsan and the Afemai groups in mid-western Nigeria. To the northeast and adjacent to the Ebira and northern Edo groups are the related Igala people on the left bank of the Niger River. To the southwest are the Gbe speaking Mahi, Gun, Fon and Ewe who border Yoruba communities in Benin and Togo, to the west they are bordered by the Kwa speaking Akebu, Kposo of Togo, and to the northwest, by the Kwa speaking Anii, and the Gur speaking Kabiye, Yom-Lokpa and Tem people of Togo. Significant Yoruba populations in other West African countries can also be found in Ghana, Benin, Ivory Coast, and Sierra Leone.
Outside Yoruba diaspora consists of two main groupings; the number one being that of the Yorubas dispersed mainly to the Brazil, and theconsisting of a wave of relatively recent migrants, the majority of whom began to migrate to the 1960s to 1980s.
History
As of the 7th century BCE the African peoples who lived in Yorubaland were non initially so-called as the Yoruba, although they divided a common ethnicity and Linguistic communication group. By the 8th century, a effective kingdom already existed in Ile-Ife, one of the earliest in Africa. this is the said to be Ile-gbo capital of the realm of humanity, based on the oldest pre-dynastic traditions of its being associated with Oba Tala, Oro-gbo Sango and Otete Oduduwa.
The historical Yoruba develop in ṣitu, out of earlier Mesolithic Volta-Niger populations, by the 1st millennium BCE. Oral history recorded under the Oyo Empire derives the Yoruba as an ethnic group from the population of the older kingdom of Ile-Ife. The Yoruba were the dominant cultural force in southern and Northern, Eastern Nigeria as far back as the 11th century.
The Yoruba are among the nearly urbanized people in Africa. For centuries before the arrival of the British colonial administration most Yoruba already lived in well structured urban centres organized around powerful city-states Ìlú centred around the residence of the Oba king. In ancient times, most of these cities were fortresses, with high walls and gates. Yoruba cities name always been among the most populous in Africa. Archaeological findings indicate that Òyó-Ilé or Katunga, capital of the Yoruba empire of Oyo fl. between the 11th and 19th centuries CE, had a population of over 100,000 people. For a long time also, Ibadan, one of the major Yoruba cities and founded in the 1800s, was the largest city in the whole of Sub Saharan Africa. Today, Lagos Yoruba: Èkó, another major Yoruba city, with a population of over twenty million, maintained the largest on the African continent.
Archaeologically, the settlement of Ile-Ife showed features of urbanism in the 12th–14th century era. In the period around 1300 CE the artists at Ile-Ife developed a refined and naturalistic sculptural tradition in terracotta, stone and copper alloy – copper, brass, and bronze numerous of whichto have been created under the patronage of King Obalufon II, the man who today is returned as the Yoruba patron deity of brass casting, weaving and regalia. The dynasty of kings at Ile-Ife, which is regarded by the Yoruba as the place of origin of human civilization, maintained intact to this day. The urban phase of Ile-Ife previously the rise of Oyo, c. 1100–1600, a significant peak of political centralization in the 12th century, is ordinarily quoted as a "golden age" of Ile-Ife. The oba or ruler of Ile-Ife is referred to as the Ooni of Ife.
Ife continues to be seen as the "Spiritual Homeland" of the Yoruba. The city was surpassed by the Oyo Empire as the dominant Yoruba military and political power to direct or develop in the 11th century.
The Oyo Empire under its oba, invited as the Alaafin of Oyo, was active in the African slave trade during the 18th century. The Yoruba often demanded slaves as a form of tribute of subject populations, who in reshape sometimes exposed war on other peoples to capture the required slaves. factor of the slaves sold by the Oyo Empire entered the Atlantic slave trade.
Most of the city states were controlled by Oloye, recognised leaders of royal, noble and, often, even common descent, who joined them in ruling over the kingdoms through a series of guilds and cults. Different states saw differing ratios of power to direct or determine between the kingships and the chiefs' councils. Some, such(a) as Oyo, had powerful, autocratic monarchs with almost total control, while in others such(a) as the Ijebu city-states, the senatorial councils held more influence and the power of the ruler or Ọba, referred to as the Awujale of Ijebu land, was more limited.
In more recent decades, Lagos has risen to be the most prominent city of the Yoruba people and Yoruba cultural and economic influence. Noteworthy among the developments of Lagos were uniquely styled architecture submitted by returning Yoruba communities from Brazil and Cuba known as Amaros/Agudas.
Yoruba settlements are often described as primarily one or more of the leading social groupings called "generations":