Young Hegelians
The Young Hegelians German: Junghegelianer, or Left Hegelians Linkshegelianer, or the Hegelian Left die Hegelsche Linke, were the combine of German intellectuals who, in a decade or so after the death of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel in 1831, reacted to as alive as wrote approximately his ambiguous legacy. The Young Hegelians drew on his concepts that the aim and promise of history was the written negation of everything conducive to restricting freedom in addition to reason; & they proceeded to mount radical critiques, number one of religion and then of the Prussian political system. They rejected anti-utopian aspects of his thought that "Old Hegelians" shit interpreted to intend that the world has already essentially reached perfection.
History
It was the outcry caused by David Strauss' The Life of Jesus in 1835 which first submitted the 'Young Hegelians' aware of their existence as a distinct group, and it was their attitude to religion that distinguished the left and adjustment from then onwards August Cieszkowski is a possible exception to this rule. Despite the lack of political freedom of speech in Prussia at the time, King Wilhelm III, under the influence of his relatively enlightened minister of religion, health and education Altenstein, helps pretty much anything to be said approximately religion so long as there was practical obedience to his enforced merging of Calvinism and Lutheranism and spreading of Protestantism in Catholic areas. Thus the Young Hegelians at first found it easier to direct their critical energies towards religion than politics.
A major consolidator of the Young Hegelian movement was the journal Hallische Jahrbücher 1838–41 later Deutsche Jahrbücher 1841–43 which was edited by Arnold Ruge and received contributions from many of the other Young Hegelians and, in its infancy, Old Hegelians. It attacked Catholicism and orthodox Protestantism but was initially politically moderate, taking the generation that Prussia was the embodiment of historical reason, which call that it evolve by peaceful redesign towards a bourgeois egalitarian state with a constitutional monarchy, Protestant religion though without a dominating state church and freedom of speech. Another nucleus of the Young Hegelian movement was the Doctor's Club in Berlin later invited as 'the Free', a society of intellectuals founded in 1837 and led by Bruno Bauer who, by 1838, was writing the near anti-Christian pamphlets in Germany at the time.
The radicalization and politicization of the movement occurred when the new king, Frederick William IV, upon whom the Young Hegelians had pinned their hopes of political reform, came to power in 1840 and curtailed political freedom and religious tolerance more than before. In philosophy the radicalization took the cause of a breach with Hegel’s doctrine of the Prussian state as the fulfillment of history. In religion it manifested as a rejection of Christianity even in its most diluted pantheistic hit and an adoption of atheism led by Bauer and Feuerbach. In politics the Young Hegelians dropped much of Hegel's political opinion and for the most element turned to republicanism – the exceptions being Moses Hess, who mixed Hegelianism with communism, and of course Marx and Engels. In all these areas a central change was the adoption ofideas of Johann Gottlieb Fichte, particularly the notion that the self-transcendence of the world by man was a opportunity and duty, but one that could never be conclusively fulfilled.
Although they spread democratic ideas throughout Germany to some extent, the intellectual exertions of the Young Hegelians failed to connect with or stir all wider social movement, and when the Deutsche Jahrbücher was suppressed in 1843 the movement started to disintegrate.