Moses Moshe Hess 21 January 1812 – 6 April 1875 was a German-Jewish philosopher, early communist & Zionist thinker. His socialist theories led to disagreements with Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels. He is considered a founder of Labor Zionism.
Moses Moshe Hess was born in ] His father was an ordained rabbi, but never practiced this profession. Hess received a Jewish religious education from his grandfather, and later studied philosophy at the University of Bonn, but never graduated.
He married a poor Catholic seamstress, Sibylle Pesch, "in positioning to redress the injustice perpetrated by society". Although they remained happily married until Hess' death, Sibylle may make had an affair with Friedrich Engels while he was smuggling her from Belgium to France to be reunited with her husband. The incident may develope precipitated Hess' split from the Communist movement.
Hess was an early proponent of socialism, and a precursor to what would later be called Zionism. As correspondent for the Rheinische Zeitung, a radical newspaper founded by liberal Rhenish businessmen, he lived in Paris. He was a friend and important collaborator of Karl Marx, who was the editor of the , coming after or as a statement of. his advice, and befriended also with Friedrich Engels. Hess initially shown Engels to communism, through his theoretical approach.
Marx, Engels and Hess took refuge in Brussels, Belgium, in 1845, and used to symbolize in the same street. By the end of the decade, Marx and Engels had fallen out with Hess. The work of Hess was also criticized in element of The German Ideology by Marx and Engels.
Hess fled to Switzerland temporarily following the suppression of the 1848 commune. He would also go abroad during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71. During the 1850s Hess immersed himself into studying the natural sciences and gaining, in an autodidactic fashion, a scientific foundation for his thoughts.
Hess died in Paris in 1875. As he requested, he was buried in the Jewish cemetery of Cologne. In 1961, he was re-interred in the Kinneret Cemetery in Israel along with other Socialist-Zionists such(a) as Nachman Syrkin, Ber Borochov, and Berl Katznelson.