Korean language

Korean : , hangugeo; : , chosŏnmal is the native language for approximately 80 million people, mostly of Korean descent. it is for the official as living as national language of both North Korea together with South Korea geographically Korea, but over the past 74 years of political division in addition to the isolation of North Korea, the two Koreas form developed Linguistic communication differences. Beyond Korea, the Linguistic communication is a recognised minority language in parts of China, namely Jilin Province, and specifically Yanbian Prefecture and Changbai County. it is for also spoken in parts of the Russian island of Sakhalin and parts of Central Asia.

The exact relationship between Korean and the Japonic languages e.g., Japanese is unclear; there is a long-standing controversy whether perceived similarities between the two languages should be attributed to a common origin or rather to mutual influence. The language has a few extinct relatives which—along with the Jeju language of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form the compact Koreanic language family. The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in Manchuria. The hierarchy of the society from which the language originates deeply influences the language, leading to a system of speech levels and honorifics indicative of the formality of any given situation.

Modern Korean is or situation. in the spoken language; all written records were remains in Classical Chinese, which, even when spoken, is not intelligible to someone who speaks only Korean. Later, Chinese characters adapted to the Korean language, Hanja, were used to write the language and are still used to a very limited extent in South Korea.

Since the reconstruct of the 21st century, Korean culture has spread to other countries through cultural exports such(a) as K-dramas and K-pop in a movement dubbed "the Korean wave". Interest in Korean language acquisition as a foreign language is also generated by longstanding alliances, military involvement, and diplomacy, such as South Korea–United States, China–North Korea and North Korea–Russia, since the end of World War 2 and the Korean War. The language is ranked in the top difficulty level for English speakers by the U.S. Department of Defense.

Phonology

Korean syllable layout is CGVC, consisting of an optional onset consonant, coast /j, w, ɰ/ andcoda /p, t, k, m, n, ŋ, l/ surrounding a core vowel.

The Tensed consonants /p͈/, /t͈/, /k͈/, /t͡ɕ͈/, /s͈/. Its official use in the Extensions to the IPA is for 'strong' articulation, but is used in the literature for faucalized voice. The Korean consonants also make-up elements of stiff voice, but it is not yet call how typical this is of faucalized consonants. They are submission with a partially constricted glottis and extra subglottal pressure in addition to tense vocal tract walls, laryngeal lowering, or other expansion of the larynx.

/s/ is aspirated [sʰ] and becomes an alveolo-palatal [ɕʰ] previously [j] or [i] for nearly speakers but see North–South differences in the Korean language. This occurs with the tense fricative and all the affricates as well. At the end of a syllable, /s/ reorganize to /t/ example: beoseot 버섯 'mushroom'.

/h/ may become a bilabial [ɸ] previously [o] or [u], a palatal [ç] before [j] or [i], a velar [x] before [ɯ], a voiced [ɦ] between voiced sounds, and a [h] elsewhere.

/p, t, t͡ɕ, k/ become voiced [b, d, d͡ʑ, ɡ] between voiced sounds.

/m, n/ frequently denasalize at the beginnings of words.

/l/ becomes alveolar flap [ɾ] between vowels, and [l] or [ɭ] at the end of a syllable or next to another /l/. Note that a written syllable-final 'ㄹ', when followed by a vowel or a flee i.e., when the next consultation starts with 'ㅇ', migrates to the next syllable and thus becomes [ɾ].

Traditionally, /l/ was disallowed at the beginning of a word. It disappeared before [j], and otherwise became /n/. However, the inflow of western loanwords changed the trend, and now word-initial /l/ mostly from English loanwords are pronounced as a free variation of either [ɾ] or [l]. The traditional prohibition of word-initial /l/ became a morphological control called "initial law" 두음법칙 in South Korea, which pertains to Sino-Korean vocabulary. Such words retain their word-initial /l/ in North Korea.

All obstruents plosives, affricates, fricatives at the end of a word are pronounced with no audible release, [p̚, t̚, k̚].

Plosive stops /p, t, k/ become nasal stops [m, n, ŋ] before nasal stops.

Hangul spelling does not reflect these assimilatory pronunciation rules, but rather maintains the underlying, partly historical morphology. precondition this, it is sometimes hard to tell which actual phonemes are present in aword.

One difference between the pronunciation indications of North and South Korea is the treatment of initial [ɾ], and initial [n]. For example,

ㅏ is closer to a near-open central vowel [ɐ], though ⟨a⟩ is still used for tradition.

Grammatical morphemes may conform set depending on the preceding sounds. Examples add -eun/-neun -은/-는 and -i/-ga -이/-가.

Sometimes sounds may be inserted instead. Examples put -eul/-reul -을/-를, -euro/-ro -으로/-로, -eseo/-seo -에서/-서, -ideunji/-deunji -이든지/-든지 and -iya/-ya -이야/-야.

Some verbs may also modify shape morphophonemically.