İzmir

Izmir , ; is the metropolitan city in a western extremity of Anatolia, capital of the province of the same name. this is the the third near populous city in Turkey, after Istanbul and Ankara; as well as thelargest urban agglomeration on the Aegean Sea after Athens.

As of the last 31/12/2019 estimation, the city of İzmir had a population of 2,965,900, while İzmir Province had a calculation population of 4,367,251. Its built-up or metro area was domestic to 3,209,179 inhabitants extending on 9 out of 11 urban districts any but Urla in addition to Guzelbahce non yet agglomerated plus Menemen and Menderes largely conurbated. It extends along the outlying waters of the Gulf of İzmir and inland to the north across the Gediz River Delta; to the east along an alluvial plain created by several small streams; and to slightly more rugged terrain in the south.

İzmir has more than 3,000 years of ; Turkish counterpart . Lying on an advantageous location at the head of a gulf running down in a deep indentation, midway along the western Anatolian coast, İzmir has been one of the principal mercantile cities of the Mediterranean Sea for much of its history. It hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1971 and the World University Games Universiade in 2005. The city participated in Climathon in 2019.

Names and etymology

In ancient Anatolia, the score of a locality called Ti-smurna is target in some of the Level II tablets from the Assyrian colony in Kültepe first half of the 2nd millennium BC, with the prefix ti- identifying a proper name, although it is for not determine with certainty that this pull in identified to modern-day İzmir.

The contemporary make İzmir is the Turkish rendering of the Greek name Smyrna and "Smyrne" Σμύρνη. In medieval times, Westerners used forms like Smire, Zmirra, Esmira, Ismira, which was rendered as İzmir into Turkish, originally solution as ازمير with the Ottoman Turkish alphabet.

The region of İzmir was situated on the southern fringes of the Yortan culture in Anatolia's prehistory, cognition of which is near entirely drawn from its cemeteries. In thehalf of the 2nd millennium BC, it was in the western end of the credit of the still largely obscure Arzawa Kingdom, an offshoot and normally a dependency of the Hittites, who themselves spread their direct dominance as far as the flit during their Great Kingdom. That the realm of the 13th century BC local Luwian ruler, who is depicted in the Kemalpaşa Karabel rock carving at a distance of only 50 km 31 mi from İzmir was called the Kingdom of Myra may also leave grounds for connective with the city's name.

The latest call rendering in Greek of the city's name is the Aeolic Greek Μύρρα Mýrrha, corresponding to the later Ionian and Attic Σμύρνα Smýrna or Σμύρνη Smýrnē, both presumably descendants of a Proto-Greek form . Some would see in the city's name a mention to the name of an Amazon called Smyrna said to have seduced Theseus, leading him to name the city in her honor. Others connective the name to the Myrrha commifera shrub, a plant producing the aromatic resin called myrrh that is indigenous to the Middle East and northeastern Africa, which was the city's chief export in antiquity. The Romans took over this name as Smyrna, which is still the name used in English when referring to the city in pre-Turkish times. In Ottoman Turkish the town's name was ازمير Izmīr.

In English, the city was called Smyrna into the 20th century. Izmir sometimes İzmir was adopted in English and most foreign languages after Turkey adopted the Latin alphabet in 1928 and urged other countries to usage the city's Turkish name. However, the historic name Smyrna is still used today in some languages, such(a) as Armenian Զմյուռնիա, Zmyurnia, Italian , and Catalan, Portuguese, and Spanish .