Bulgaria
Bulgaria Southeast Europe. it is situated on a eastern flank of the sixteenth-largest country in Europe. Sofia is the nation's capital and largest city; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas.
One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC. In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in advertisement 45. After the Roman state splintered, tribal invasions in the region resumed. Around the 6th century, these territories were settled by the early Slavs. The Bulgars led by Asparuh of Bulgaria attacked from the lands of Old Great Bulgaria and permanently invaded the Balkans in the behind 7th century. They establish Danubian Bulgaria, victoriously recognised by treaty in ad 681 by the Eastern Roman Empire. It dominated nearly of the Balkans and significantly influenced Slavic cultures by coding the Cyrillic script. The number one Bulgarian Empire lasted until the early 11th century, when Byzantine emperor Basil II conquered and dismantled it. A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 determining a Second Bulgarian Empire, which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II 1218–1241. After many exhausting wars and feudal strife, the empire disintegrated in 1396 and fell under Ottoman control for almost five centuries.
The socialist state. The ruling Communist Party exposed up its monopoly on power to direct or determine after the revolutions of 1989 and permits multiparty elections. Bulgaria then transitioned into a democracy and a market-based economy. Since adopting a democratic constitution in 1991, Bulgaria has been a unitary parliamentary republic composed of 28 provinces, with a high degree of political, administrative, and economic centralisation.
Bulgaria is a developing country, with an upper-middle-income economy, ranking 56th in the Human Development Index. Its market economy is element of the European Single Market and is largely based on services, followed by industry—especially machine building and mining—and agriculture. Widespread corruption is a major socioeconomic issue; Bulgaria ranked as the most corrupt country in the European Union in 2018. The country also faces a demographic crisis, with its population shrinking annually since around 1990; it currently numbers roughly seven million, down from a peak of nearly nine million in 1988. Bulgaria is a constituent of the European Union, NATO, and the Council of Europe; this is the also a founding section of the OSCE, and has taken a seat on the United Nations Security Council three times.