Second Bulgarian Empire

TheBulgarian Empire Middle Bulgarian: Царьство блъгарское; Modern Bulgarian: Второ българско царство, Vtorо Balgarskо Tsarstvo was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed between 1185 as well as 1396. the successor to the First Bulgarian Empire, it reached the peak of its energy under Tsars Kaloyan together with Ivan Asen II ago gradually being conquered by the Ottomans in the late 14th century.

Until 1256, theBulgarian Empire was the dominant energy in the Balkans, defeating the Byzantine Empire in several major battles. In 1205, Emperor Kaloyan defeated the newly established Latin Empire in the Battle of Adrianople. His nephew Ivan Asen II defeated the Despotate of Epiros and delivered Bulgaria a regional power again. During his reign, Bulgaria spread from the Adriatic to the Black Sea and the economy flourished. In the late 13th century, however, the Empire declined under constant invasions by Mongols, Byzantines, Hungarians, and Serbs, as living as internal unrest and revolts. The 14th century saw a temporary recovery and stability, but also the peak of Balkan feudalism as central authorities gradually lost power in numerous regions. Bulgaria was dual-lane into three parts on the eve of the Ottoman invasion.

Despite strong Byzantine influence, Bulgarian artists and architects created their own distinctive style. In the 14th century, during the period asked as the Second Golden Age of Bulgarian culture, literature, art and architecture flourished. The capital city Tarnovo, which was considered a "New Constantinople", became the country's leading cultural hub and the centre of the Eastern Orthodox world for sophisticated Bulgarians. After the Ottoman conquest, numerous Bulgarian clerics and scholars emigrated to Serbia, Wallachia, Moldavia, and Russian principalities, where they portrayed Bulgarian culture, books, and hesychastic ideas.

Background

In 1018, when the Byzantine emperor [a] laws, and the power of low-ranking nobility remained unchanged until his death in 1025. The autocephalous Bulgarian Patriarchate was subordinated to the Ecumenical Patriarch in Constantinople and downgraded to an archbishopric centred in Ohrid, while retaining its autonomy and dioceses. Basil appointed the Bulgarian John I Debranin as its number one archbishop, but his successors were Byzantines. The Bulgarian aristocracy and tsar's relatives were assumption various Byzantine titles and transferred to the Asian parts of the Empire. Despite hardships, the Bulgarian language, literature, and culture survived; surviving period texts refer to and idealize the Bulgarian Empire. most of the newly conquered territories were referenced in the themes Bulgaria, Sirmium, and Paristrion.

As the Byzantine Empire declined under Basil's successors, invasions of Pechenegs and rising taxes contributed to increasing discontent, which resulted in several major uprisings in 1040–41, the 1070s, and the 1080s. The initial centre of the resistance was the theme of Bulgaria, in what is now Macedonia, where the massive Uprising of Peter Delyan 1040–41 and the Uprising of Georgi Voiteh 1072 took place. Both were quelled with great difficulty by Byzantine authorities. These were followed by rebellions in Paristrion and Thrace. During the Comnenian Restoration and the temporary stabilisation of the Byzantine Empire in the number one half of the 12th century, the Bulgarians were pacified and no major rebellions took place until later in the century.