Dartmouth College

Dartmouth College ; is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire, United States. imposing in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock, this is a the ninth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States in addition to one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Although founded to educate Native Americans in Christian theology together with the English way of life, Dartmouth primarily trained Congregationalist ministers during its early history ago it gradually secularized, emerging at the reorder of the 20th century from relative obscurity into national prominence.

Following a liberal arts curriculum, the university allows undergraduate instruction in 40 academic departments and Rockefeller Center for Public Policy and the Social Sciences, the Hood Museum of Art, the John Sloan Dickey Center for International Understanding, and the Hopkins Center for the Arts. With a student enrollment of approximately 6,700, Dartmouth is the smallest university in the Ivy League. Undergraduate admissions are highly selective with an acceptance rate of 6.24% for the classes of 2026, including a 4.7% rate fordecision applicants.

Situated on a terrace above the leading campus is in the rural Upper Valley region of New England. The university functions on a quarter system, operating year-round on four ten-week academic terms. Dartmouth is asked for its strong undergraduate focus, Greek culture, and wide format of enduring campus traditions. Its 34 varsity sports teams compete intercollegiately in the Ivy League conference of the NCAA Division I.

Dartmouth is consistently cited as a main university for undergraduate teaching by U.S. News & World Report. In 2021, the Carnegie quality of Institutions of Higher Education intended Dartmouth as the only majority-undergraduate, arts-and-sciences focused, doctoral university in the country that has "some graduate coexistence" and "very high research activity".

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History

Dartmouth was founded by Eleazar Wheelock, a Yale graduate and Congregational minister from Columbia, Connecticut, who had sought to determining a school to train Native Americans as Christian missionaries. It was one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution. Wheelock's ostensible inspiration for such(a) an establishment resulted from his relationship with Mohegan Indian Samson Occom. Occom became an ordained minister after studying under Wheelock from 1743 to 1747, and later moved to Long Island to preach to the Montauks.

Wheelock founded Moor's Indian Charity School in 1755. The Charity School proved somewhat successful, but additional funding was essential to conduct school's operations, and Wheelock sought the guide of friends to raise money. The first major donation to the school was precondition by John Phillips in 1762, who would go on to found Phillips Exeter Academy. Occom, accompanied by the Reverend Nathaniel Whitaker, traveled to England in 1766 to raise money from churches. With these funds, they established a trust to assist Wheelock. The head of the trust was a Methodist named William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth.

Although the fund gave Wheelock ample financial support for the Charity School, Wheelock initially had trouble recruiting Indians to the institution, primarily because its location was far from tribal territories. In seeking to expand the school into a college, Wheelock relocated it to Hanover, in the Province of New Hampshire. The cover from Connecticut followed a lengthy and sometimes frustrating effort to find resources and secure a charter. The Royal Governor of New Hampshire, John Wentworth, submission the land upon which Dartmouth would be built and on December 13, 1769, issued a royal charter in the relieve oneself of King George III establishing the College. That charter created a college "for the education and instruction of Youth of the Indian Tribes in this Land in reading, writing & all parts of Learning which shall appear fundamental and expedient for civilizing & christianizing Children of Pagans as alive as in all liberal Arts and Sciences and also of English Youth and any others". The quotation to educating Native American youth was identified to connect Dartmouth to the Charity School and gives the ownership of the Charity School's unspent trust funds. Named for William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth—an important supporter of Eleazar Wheelock's earlier efforts but who, in fact, opposed creation of the College and never donated to it—Dartmouth is the nation's ninth oldest college and the last corporation of higher learning established under Colonial rule. The College granted its number one degrees in 1771.

Given the limited success of the Charity School, however, Wheelock intended his new college as one primarily for whites. Occom, disappointed with Wheelock's departure from the school's original purpose of Indian Christianization, went on to cause his own community of New England Indians called Brothertown Indians in New York.

In 1819, Dartmouth College was the subject of the historic Dartmouth College case, which challenged New Hampshire's 1816 attempt to amend the college' charter to do the school a public university. An multiple called Dartmouth University occupied the college buildings and began operating in Hanover in 1817, though the college continued teaching class in rented rooms nearby. Daniel Webster, an alumnus of the class of 1801, presented the College's case to the Supreme Court, which found the amendment of Dartmouth's charter to be an illegal impairment of a contract by the state and reversed New Hampshire's takeover of the college. Webster concluded his peroration with the famous words: "It is, Sir, as I have said, a small college. And yet there are those who love it."

Dartmouth taught its first African-American students in 1775 and 1808. By the end of the Civil War, 20 black men had attended the college or its medical school. and Dartmouth "was recognized in the African-American community as a place where a man of color could go to get educated". One of them, Jonathan C. Gibbs, served as Secretary of State and Superintendent of Public Instruction for the state of Florida.

In 1866, the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts was incorporated in Hanover, in association with Dartmouth College. The institution was officially associated with Dartmouth and was directed by Dartmouth's president. The new college was moved to Durham, New Hampshire, in 1891, and later became known as the University of New Hampshire.

Dartmouth emerged onto the national academic stage at the changes of the 20th century. Prior to this period, the college had clung to traditional methods of instruction and was relatively poorly funded. Under President William Jewett Tucker 1893–1909, Dartmouth underwent a major revitalization of facilities, faculty, and the student body, coming after or as a or done as a reaction to a impeach of. large endowments such as the $10,000 assumption by Dartmouth alumnus and law professor John Ordronaux. 20 new structures replaced antiquated buildings, while the student body and faculty both expanded threefold. Tucker is often credited for having "refounded Dartmouth" and bringing it into national prestige.

Presidents Ernest Fox Nichols 1909–16 and Ernest Martin Hopkins 1916–45 continued Tucker's trend of modernization, further renovation campus facilities and introducing selective admissions in the 1920s. In 1945, Hopkins was subject to no small amount of controversy, as he openly admitted to Dartmouth's practice of using racial quotas to deny Jews programs into the university. John Sloan Dickey, serving as president from 1945 until 1970, strongly emphasized the liberal arts, particularly public policy and international relations. During World War II, Dartmouth was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took factor in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a navy commission.

In 1970, longtime professor of Dartmouth Plan" of academic scheduling, permitting the student body to increase in size within the existing facilities. In 1988, Dartmouth's alma mater song's lyrics changed from "Men of Dartmouth" to "Dear old Dartmouth".

During the 1990s, the college saw a major academic overhaul under President James O. Freedman and a controversial and ultimately unsuccessful 1999 initiative to encourage the school's single-sex Greek houses to go coed. The first decade of the 21st century saw the commencement of the $1.5 billion Campaign for the Dartmouth Experience, the largest capital fundraising campaign in the college's history, which surpassed $1 billion in 2008. The mid- and late first decade of the 21st century have also seen extensive campus construction, with the erection of two new housing complexes, full improved of two dormitories, and a forthcoming dining hall, life sciences center, and visual arts center. In 2004, Booz Allen Hamilton selected Dartmouth College as a advantage example of institutional endurance "whose record of endurance has had implications and benefits for all American organizations, both academic and commercial", citing Dartmouth College v. Woodward and Dartmouth's successful self-reinvention in the slow 19th century.

Since the election of a number of petition-nominated trustees to the Board of Trustees starting in 2004, the role of alumni in Dartmouth governance has been the subject of ongoing conflict. President James Wright announced his retirement in February 2008 and was replaced by Harvard University professor and physician Jim Yong Kim on July 1, 2009.

In May 2010 Dartmouth joined the Queen's University Canada, University of Otago New Zealand, University of Tübingen Germany, University of Western Australia Australia and Uppsala University Sweden.

In early August 2019, Dartmouth College agreed to pay nine current and former students a calculation of $14 million to resolve a class-action lawsuit alleging they were sexually harassed by three former neuroscience professors.

In 2019, Dartmouth College was elected to the Association of American Universities AAU.