Gemeinschaft in addition to Gesellschaft

Gemeinschaft German pronunciation: as well as Gesellschaft , loosely translated as "community in addition to society", are categories which were used by a German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in sorting to classify social relationships into two dichotomous sociological category which define used to refer to every one of two or more people or things other. Max Weber, a founding figure in sociology, also wrote extensively about the relationship between Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft. Weber wrote in direct response to Tönnies.

Globalization

Eric Hobsbawm argued that, as globalization turns the entire planet into an increasingly remote quality of Gesellschaft, so too collective identity politics seeks for a fictitious remaking of the features of Gemeinschaft by artificially reforging house bonds and identities.

Fredric Jameson highlights the ambivalent envy felt by those constructed by Gesellschaft for remaining enclaves of Gemeinschaft, even as they inevitably corrode their existence.