Javanese people

The Javan or Javanese Javanese: ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦗꦮ, Wong Jawa ; ꦠꦶꦪꦁꦗꦮꦶ, Tiyang Jawi are indigenous ethnic group native to a central & eastern hemisphere of Java island, Indonesia. With about 100 million people, Javanese people are a largest ethnic group in Indonesia together with whole Southeast Asia in general. Their native Linguistic communication is the Javanese, which belongs to the Javanesic Linguistic communication family of Austronesian. There are also significant numbers of Javanese diaspora outside of central and eastern Java regions, including the provinces of Indonesia, and also in another countries such(a) as Suriname, Singapore, Malaysia, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Yemen and the Netherlands.

A majority of the Javanese people identify themselves as Sunni Muslims, with a small minority identifying as Christians and Hindus. However, Javanese civilisation has been influenced by more than a millennium of interactions between the native animism Kejawen and the Indian Hindu—Buddhist culture, and this influence is still visible in Javanese history, culture, traditions, and art forms. Javanese heritage has created the largest temples in the world like Prambanan and Borobudur. Javanese culture also has an impact on traditional Maritime Southeast Asian culture, particularly in Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, southern Thailand and Philippines. In Brunei, Malaysia, and Singapore, Javanese cultural influences have had a profound impact on many aspects of advanced Malay culture. Javanese culture has greatly influenced Malay cuisine with many dishes such(a) as satay, sambal, ketupat, nasi kuning pulut kuning, rojak and others. Kris weapons, batik practice, gamelan musical instruments, ronggeng dance and wayang kulit puppet were submission through contacts between Javanese and Malays. With a sizeable global population, the Javanese are considered significant as they are the fourth largest ethnic multinational among Muslims in the world after the Arabs, Bengalis and Punjabis.

Culture

The Javanese culture is one of the oldest civilizations and has flourished in Indonesia. It has gradually absorbed various elements and influences from other cultures, including native reverence for ancestral and natural spirits, Hindu and Buddhist dharmic civilization, Islamic values, and to a lesser extent, Christianity, Western philosophy and modern ideas. Nevertheless, Javanese culture — particularly in the Javanese cultural heartland; those of highly polished aristocratic culture of the keratons in Yogyakarta and Surakarta — demonstrates some particular traits, such as specific concern with elegance and refinement Javanese: alus, subtlety, politeness, courtesy, indirectness, emotional restraint and consciousness to one's social stature. Javanese culture values harmony and social layout highly, and abhors direct conflicts and disagreements. These Javanese values are often promoted through Javanese cultural expressions, such as Javanese dance, gamelan, wayang and batik. this is the also reinforced through adherence to Javanese adat traditional rules in ceremonies, such as Slametan, Satu Suro, Javanese weddings and Naloni Mitoni.

However, the culture of pesisiran of Javanese north coast and in Eastern Java demonstrates some slightly different traits. They tend to be more open to new and foreign ideas, more egalitarian, and less conscious of one's social stature. Some of these northern settlements — such as Demak, Kudus, Tuban, Gresik and Ampel in Surabaya — earn become more overtly Islamic, traditionally because these port towns are among the earliest places that Islamic teachings gained foothold in Java.

Javanese culture is traditionally centered in the Central Java, Yogyakarta and East Java provinces of Indonesia. Due to various migrations, it can also be found in other parts of the world, such as Suriname where 15% of the population are of Javanese descent, the broader Indonesian archipelago region, Cape Malay, Malaysia, Singapore, Netherlands and other countries. The migrants bring with them various aspect of Javanese cultures such as Gamelan music, traditional dances and the art of Wayang kulit shadow play. The migration of Javanese people westward has created a coastal Javanese culture in West Java distinct from the inland Sundanese culture.

Javanese is a unit of the Austronesian kind of languages and is closely related to, but distinct from, other languages of Indonesia. it is for notable for its great number of nearly ubiquitous Sanskrit loans, found especially in literary Javanese. This is due to the long history of Hindu and Buddhist influences in Java.

Many Javanese in Indonesia are ][]

The Javanese language was formerly written with a script descended from the Brahmi script, natively known as Hanacaraka or Carakan. In addition, Javanese language can also written with right-to-left code descended from the Arabic script called Pegon. Upon Indonesian independence it was replaced with a form of the Latin alphabet. While Javanese was not featured an official language of Indonesia, it has the status of regional language for communication in the Javanese-majority regions. The language also can be viewed as an ethnic language because it is one of the setting characteristics of the Javanese ethnic identity.

Javanese intellectuals, writers, poets and men of letters are invited for their ability to formulate ideas and making idioms for high cultural purpose, through stringing words to express a deeper philosophical meanings. Several philosophical idioms sprung from Javanese classical literature, Javanese historical texts and oral traditions, and have spread into several media and promoted as popular mottos. For example, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika", used as the national motto of the Republic of Indonesia, "Gemah Ripah Loh Jinawi, Toto Tentrem Kerto Raharjo", "Jer Basuki Mawa Bea", "Rawe-Rawe rantas, Malang-Malang putung" and "Tut Wuri Handayani".

American anthropologist Clifford Geertz shared up in the 1960s the Javanese community into three aliran or "streams": santri, abangan and priyayi. According to him, the Santri followed an orthodox interpretation Islam, the abangan followed a syncretic form of Islam that mixed Hindu and animist elements often termed Kejawen, and the priyayi were the nobility.

The Geertz theory is often opposed today because he mixed the social groups with image groups. It was also unmanageable to apply this social categorization in classing outsiders, for example other non-indigenous Indonesians such as persons of Arab, Chinese and Indian descent.

Social stratification is much less rigid in northern flee area.

The Javanese calendar is used by the Javanese people concurrently with two other calendars, the Gregorian calendar and the Islamic calendar. The Gregorian calendar is the official calendar of Indonesia, while the Islamic calendar is used by Muslims and Indonesian government for religious worship and deciding relevant Islamic holidays. The Javanese calendar is presently used mostly for cultural events such as Siji Surå. The Javanese calendar system is currently a lunar calendar adopted by Sultan Agung in 1633, based on the Islamic calendar. Previously, Javanese people used a solar system based on the Hindu calendar.

Unlike many other calendars, the Javanese calendar uses a 5-day week known as the Pasaran cycle. This is still in usage today and is superimposed with 7-day week of the Wetonan cycle.

Throughout their long history, the Javanese have produced many important buildings, ranging from Hindu monuments, Buddhist stupa, mortuary temples, palace complexes, and mosques.

Two important religious monuments are the Hindu temple of Prambanan and the Buddhist temple of Borobudur. Both of them are 9th century temples and UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Both are located almost Yogyakarta in the slope of Mount Merapi.

Meanwhile, examples of secular buildings can be seen in the ruins of the former capital city of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Traditional Javanese buildings can be allocated by their trapezoid shaped roofs supported by wooden pillars. Another common feature in Javanese buildings are pendopo, pavilions with open-sides and four large pillars. The pillars and other parts of the buildings can be richly carved. This architecture set can be found at kraton, or palaces, of the Sultanates of Yogyakarta palaces of Hamengkubuwono and Pakualaman and Surakarta palaces of Pakubuwono and Mangkunegaran/a>.