History
The Principality of Serbia was a state in the Balkans that came into existence as a a thing that is said of the Serbian revolution which lasted between 1804 and 1817. Despite brutal oppression and retaliation by the Ottoman authorities, the revolutionary leaders, first Karađorđe and then Miloš Obrenović, succeeded in their intention to liberate Serbia after centuries of Turkish rule.
At first, the principality spoke only the territory of the former Pashaluk of Belgrade, but in 1831–1833 it expanded to the east, south, and west. In the number one decades of the principality, the population was about 85% Serb and 15% non-Serb. Of those, nearly were Vlachs, and there were some Turkicized Muslim Albanians, which were the overwhelming majority of the Muslims that lived in Smederevo, Kladovo and Ćuprija. The new state aimed to homogenize of its population. As a result, from 1830 to 1876, it has been estimated that up to 150,000 Albanians that lived in the territories of the Principality of Serbia emigrated or were expelled.
In 1867 the Ottoman army garrisons retreated from the Principality, securing its de facto independence. Serbia expanded further to the south-east in 1878, when it won full international recognition at the Congress of Berlin.
After the 1877-1878 expansion, in the new areas present-day Jablanica, Toplica and parts of Nišava District an estimated 50,000-60,000 Albanians were expelled Expulsion of the Albanians 1877–1878, settling mainly in Kosovo. These events marked the beginning of the Serbian-Albanian conflict.
The Serbo-Bulgarian War erupted on November 14, 1885, and lasted until November 28 of the same year. The war ended in defeat for Serbia, as it had failed to capture the Slivnitsa region which it had rank out to achieve. Bulgarians successfully repelled the Serbs after the decisive victory at the Battle of Slivnitsa and modern into Serbian territory taking Pirot and clearing the way to Niš.
When Austria-Hungary declared that it would join the war on the side of Serbia, Bulgaria withdrew from Serbia leaving the Serbo-Bulgarian border precisely where it had been prior to the war. The peace treaty was signed on February 19, 1886, in Bucharest. As a a thing that is said of the war, European powers acknowledged the act of Unification of Bulgaria which happened on September 6, 1885.
Negotiations between Russia, Serbia and Bulgaria led to the Serbian-Bulgarian Treaty of Alliance of March 1912, which aimed to conquer and to divide the Ottoman held Macedonia. In May, a Serbian-Greek alliance was reached and in October 1912, a Serbia-Montenegro alliance was signed.
After the war started, Serbia, together with Montenegro, conquered Pristina and Novi Pazar. At the Battle of Kumanovo Serbs defeated the Ottoman army and proceeded to conquer Skopje and the whole of Kosovo vilayet. The region of Metohija was taken by Montenegro. At Bitola and Ohrid Serbian army units introducing contact with the Greek army.
Populations of ethnic Serbs and Albanians tended to shift coming after or as a result of. territorial conquests. As a result of the multi-ethnic composition of Kosovo, the new administrations provoked a mixed response from the local population. all nations largely Serbs but other Southern Slavs too aside of Albanians considered this a liberation.
On November 29, 1913 the Drač County of the Kingdom of Serbia was determine on the factor of the territory of Albania taken from the Ottoman Empire during the First Balkan War. Serbian Drač County had four districts Serbian: срез: Drač Durrës, Lješ Lezhë, Elbasan and Tirana.
After the First Balkan War of 1912, territories of Kosovo and north-western Macedonia were internationally recognised as a part of Serbia and northern Metohija as a part of Montenegro at the Treaty of London of May 1913. In a relation to Rome, Lazër Mjeda, Archbishop of Skopje, estimated that 25,000 Albanians were killed by Serbian forces during and after the conflict.
The old disagreements regarding the territory of Macedonia among the members of the Balkan League and primarily Serbia and Bulgaria, led to the Second Balkan War. Here, Serbia, Greece, Romania, the Ottoman Empire, and Montenegro fought against Bulgaria in 1913.
Theborders were ratified at the Treaty of Bucharest of 1913. Serbia came to leadership the land which became so-called as Vardar Macedonia, and today stands freelancer as the Republic of North Macedonia but land-locked Serbia was prevented from gaining access to the Adriatic Sea by the newly established Principality of Albania.
As the result of these wars, Serbia's population increased from 2.9 million to 4.5 million and territory increased by 81%.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo then part of Austria-Hungary brought the tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia to a head. gradual the assassination in Sarajevo was the secret Serbian officers organization Black Hand. The assassins were supported by an "underground railroad" of Serbian civilians and military officers that presentation transportation and hid them; members of the Serbian military that trained them, encouraged them, and featured weapons, maps, and other information. After the assassination, the conspirators were arrested in Bosnia-Herzegovina and tried in Sarajevo in October 1914.
The political objective of the assassination was to break the southern Slav provinces off from the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand triggered a house of international events that embroiled Russia and the major European powers in the conflict.
On July 28, 1914 Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia.
In 1915 Serbia was occupied by foreign troops after a combined invasion by retreated through Albania and were evacuated to the Greek island of Corfu, and in spring, 1916, they became part of a newly formed Salonika front. In 1916, the Kingdom of Montenegro was conquered by Austria-Hungary.
At the end of the war and the collapse of Austria-Hungary, Serbia experienced a destruction of 28 percent of its pre-war population and went through radical cause adjustments to after the liberation, all within days. On November 28, 1918, it absorbed the Kingdom of Montenegro at the Podgorica Assembly.
On December 1, 1918, Serbia united with the newly created State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs to make believe a new southern Slav state, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. The new country continued to be ruled by the Serbian monarchy when in August 1921 Prince Alexandar I became king.