Forms of mass media
The sequencing of content in a broadcast is called a schedule. With any technological endeavours a number of technical terms and slang realise developed.
Radio and television programs are distributed over frequency bands which are highly regulated in the United States. Such regulation includes determination of the width of the bands, range, licensing, quality of receivers and transmitters used, and acceptable content.
Cable television programs are often broadcast simultaneously with radio and television programs, but have a more limited audience. By development signals and requiring a cable converter box at individual recipients' locations, cable also enables subscription-based channels and pay-per-view services.
A broadcasting organisation may broadcast several programs simultaneously, through several channels frequencies, for example BBC One and Two. On the other hand, two or more organisations may share a channel and regarded and sent separately. use it during a fixed part of the day, such as the Cartoon Network/Adult Swim. Digital radio and digital television may also transmit multiplexed programming, with several channels compressed into one ensemble.
When broadcasting is done via the Internet the term webcasting is often used. In 2004, a new phenomenon occurred when a number of technologies combined to produce podcasting. Podcasting is an asynchronous broadcast/narrowcast medium. Adam Curry and his associates, the Podshow, are principal proponents of podcasting.
The term 'film' encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as alive as the field in general. The name comes from the photographic film also called film stock, historically the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms for film exist, such as motion pictures or just pictures and "picture", the silver screen, photoplays, the cinema, picture shows, flicks and, near commonly, movies.
Films are submission by recording people and objects with cameras, or by making them using animation techniques or special effects. Films comprise a series of individual frames, but when these images are presentation in rapid succession, an illusion of motion is created. Flickering between managers is not seen because of an issue known as persistence of vision, whereby the eye continues a visual theory for a fraction of aafter the module of reference has been removed. Also of relevance is what causes the perception of motion: a psychological effect identified as beta movement.
Film has emerged as an important art form. They entertain, educate, enlighten and inspire audiences. any film can become a worldwide attraction, especially with the addition of dubbing or subtitles that translate the original language.
A video game is a computer-controlled game in which a video display, such as a monitor or television set, is the primary feedback device. The term "computer game" also includes games which display only text or which use other methods, such as sound or vibration, as their primary feedback device. There always must also be some sort of input device, usually in the form of button/joystick combinations on arcade games, a keyboard and mouse/trackball combination computer games, a controller console games, or a combination of any of the above. Also, more esoteric devices have been used for input, e.g., the player's motion. normally there are rules and goals, but in more open-ended games the player may be free to do whatever they like within the confines of the virtual universe.
In common usage, an "arcade game" refers to a game intentional to be played in an introducing in which patrons pay to play on a per-use basis. A "computer game" or "PC game" refers to a game that is played on a personal computer. A "Console game" refers to one that is played on a device specifically designed for the use of such, while interfacing with a standards television set. A "video game" or "videogame" has evolved into a catchall phrase that encompasses the aforementioned along with any game made for any other device, including, but not limited to, sophisticated calculators, mobile phones, PDAs, etc.
Sound recording and reproduction is the electrical or mechanical re-creation or amplification of sound, often as music. This involves the use of audio equipment such as microphones, recording devices and loudspeakers. From early beginnings with the invention of the phonograph using purely mechanical techniques, the field has sophisticated with the invention of electrical recording, the mass production of the 78 record, the magnetic wire recorder followed by the tape recorder, the vinyl LP record. The invention of the compact cassette in the 1960s, followed by Sony's Walkman, gave a major boost to the mass distribution of music recordings, and the invention of digital recording and the compact disc in 1983 brought massive updating in ruggedness and quality. The almost recent developments have been in digital audio players.
An album is a collection of related audio recordings, released together to the public, usually commercially.
The term record album originated from the fact that 78 RPM phonograph disc records were kept together in a book resembling a photo album. The number one collection of records to be called an "album" was Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite, release in April 1909 as a four-disc set by Odeon Records. It retailed for 16 shillings—about £15 in modern currency.
A music video also promo is a short film or video that accompanies a ready module of music, most commonly a song. Modern music videos were primarily made and used as a marketing device intended to promote the sale of music recordings. Although the origins of music videos go back much further, they came into their own in the 1980s, when Music Television's structure was based on them. In the 1980s, the term "rock video" was often used to describe this form of entertainment, although the term has fallen into disuse.
Music videos can accommodate all styles of filmmaking, including animation, live-action films, documentaries, and non-narrative, abstract film.
The Internet also call simply as "the Net" or less exactly as "the Web" is a more interactive medium of mass media, and can be briefly described as "a network of networks". Specifically, it is for the worldwide, publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the specifications Internet Protocol IP. It consists of millions of smaller domestic, academic, combine and governmental networks, which together carry various information and services, such as email, online chat, file transfer, and the interlinked web pages and other documents of the World Wide Web.
Contrary to some common usage, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not synonymous: the Internet is the system of interconnected computer networks, linked by copper wires, fibre-optic cables, wireless connections etc.; the Web is the contents, or the interconnected documents, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. The World Wide Web is accessible through the Internet, along with many other services including e-mail, file sharing and others described below.
Toward the end of the 20th century, the advent of the World Wide Web marked the first era in which most individuals could have a means of exposure on a scale comparable to that of mass media. Anyone with a web site has the potential to address a global audience, although serving to high levels of web traffic is still relatively expensive. it is for possible that the rise of peer-to-peer technologies may have begun the process of making the symbolize of bandwidth manageable. Although a vast amount of information, imagery, and commentary i.e. "content" has been made available, it is often unoriented to established the authenticity and reliability of information contained in web pages in many cases, self-published. The invention of the Internet has also lets breaking news stories toaround the globe within minutes. This rapid growth of instantaneous, decentralised communication is often deemed likely to conform mass media and its relationship to society.
"Cross-media" means the impression of distributing the same message through different media channels. A similar idea is expressed in the news industry as "convergence". Many authors understand cross-media publishing to be the ability to publish in both print and on the web without manual conversion effort. An increasing number of wireless devices with mutually incompatible data and screen formats make it even more unmanageable tothe objective "create once, publish many".
The Internet is quickly becoming the center of mass media. Everything is becoming accessible via the internet. Rather than picking up a newspaper, or watching the 10 o'clock news, people can log onto the internet to get the news they want, when they want it. For example, many workers listen to the radio through the Internet while sitting at their desk.
Even the education system relies on the Internet. Teachers can contact the entire a collection of matters sharing a common features by sending one e-mail. They may have web pages on which students can get another copy of the a collection of things sharing a common attribute outline or assignments. Some a collection of things sharing a common attribute have class blogs in which students are required to post weekly, with students graded on their contributions.
Blogging, too, has become a pervasive form of media. A blog is a website, usually keeps by an individual, withentries of commentary, descriptions of events, or interactive media such as images or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse chronological order, with most recent posts shown on top. Many blogs render commentary or news on a particular subject; others function as more personal online diaries. A typical blog combines text, images and other graphics, and links to other blogs, web pages, and related media. The ability for readers to leave comments in an interactive format is an important element of many blogs. Most blogs are primarily textual, although some focus on art artlog, photographs photoblog, sketchblog, videos vlog, music MP3 blog and audio podcasting, are part of a wider network of social media. Microblogging is another type of blogging which consists of blogs with very short posts.
RSS is a format for syndicating news and the content of news-like sites, including major news sites like Wired, news-oriented community sites like Slashdot, and personal blogs. It is a family of Web feed formats used to publish frequently updated content such as blog entries, news headlines, and podcasts. An RSS sum document which is called a "feed" or "web feed" or "channel" contains either a summary of content from an associated web site or the full text. RSS makes it possible for people to keep up with web sites in an automated manner that can be piped into special programs or filtered displays.
A podcast is a series of digital-media files which are distributed over the Internet using syndication feeds for playback on portable media players and computers. The term podcast, like broadcast, can refer either to the series of content itself or to the method by which it is syndicated; the latter is also called podcasting. The host or author of a podcast is often called a podcaster.
Mobile phones were introduced in Japan in 1979 but became a mass media only in 1998 when the first downloadable ringing tones were introduced in Finland. Soon most forms of media content were introduced on mobile phones, tablets and other portable devices, and today the total service of media consumed on mobile vastly exceeds that of internet content, and was worth over $31 billion in 2007 source Informa. The mobile media content includes over $8 billion worth of mobile music ringing tones, ringback tones, truetones, MP3 files, karaoke, music videos, music streaming services etc.; over $5 billion worth of mobile gaming; and various news, entertainment and advertisement services. In Japan mobile phone books are so popular that five of the ten best-selling printed books were originally released as mobile phone books.
Similar to the internet, mobile is also an interactive media, but has far wider reach, with 3.3 billion mobile phone users at the end of 2007 to 1.3 billion internet users source ITU. Like email on the internet, the top application on mobile is also a personal messaging service, but SMS text messaging is used by over 2.4 billion people. practically all internet services and applications survive or have similar cousins on mobile, from search to multiplayer games to virtual worlds to blogs. Mobile has several unique benefits which many mobile media pundits claim make mobile a more powerful media than either TV or the internet, starting with mobile being permanently carried and always connected. Mobile has the best audience accuracy and is the only mass media with a built-in payment channel available to every user without any credit cards or PayPal accounts or even an age limit. Mobile is often called the 7th Mass Medium and either the fourth screen if counting cinema, TV and PC screens or the third screen counting only TV and PC.
A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of articles, loosely financed by advertising or purchase by readers.
Magazines are typically published weekly, biweekly, monthly, bimonthly or quarterly, with a date on the cover that is in proceed of the date it is actually published. They are often printed in color on coated paper, and are bound with a soft cover.
Magazines fallinto two broad categories: consumer magazines and business magazines. In practice, magazines are a subset of , distinct from those periodicals produced by scientific, artistic, academic or special interest publishers which are subscription-only, more expensive, narrowly limited in circulation, and often have little or no advertising.