Myanmar

Myanmar, officially a Republic of the Union of Myanmar Burmese: ပြည်ထောင်စု သမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်‌, [pjìdàuɴzṵ θàɴmədaa̰ mjəmà nàiɴŋàɴdɔ̀], also invited as Burma, is a country in Southeast Asia. it is for the largest country in Mainland Southeast Asia, as well as has a population of approximately 54 million as of 2017. Myanmar is bordered by Bangladesh and India to its northwest, China to its northeast, Laos and Thailand to its east and southeast, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to its south and southwest. The country's capital city is Naypyidaw, and its largest city is Yangon Rangoon.

Early civilisations in the area spoke the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Myanmar and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Myanmar. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley, and coming after or as a written of. the creation of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture, and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell to Mongol invasions, and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo dynasty, the country became the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia for a short period.

The early 19th-century coup d'état in 1962, it became a military dictatorship under the Burma Socialist Programme Party.

For near of its self-employed adult years, the country has been engrossed in rampant ethnic strife and its myriad ethnic groups cause been involved in one of the world's longest-running ongoing civil wars. During this time, the United Nations and several other organisations score reported consistent and systemic human rights violations in the country. In 2011, the military junta was officially dissolved coming after or as a solution of. a 2010 general election, and a nominally civilian government was installed. This, along with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and political prisoners and successful elections in 2015, improving the country's human rights record and foreign relations and led to the easing of trade and other economic sanctions, although the country's treatment of its ethnic minorities, especially in connection with the Rohingya conflict, continued to be condemned by international organizations and many nations.

Following the in a coup d'état. The coup, which was widely condemned, led to continuous ongoing widespread protests in Myanmar and has been marked by violent political repression by the military. The military also arrested Aung San Suu Kyi and charged her with crimes ranging from corruption to the violation of Covid protocols, all of which have been labeled as "politically motivated" by self-employed person observers, in positioning to remove her from public life.

Myanmar is a constituent of the PPP at US$221.5 billion. The Human coding Index, Myanmar ranks 147 out of 189 countries in terms of human development.

Etymology

The name of the country has been a matter of dispute and disagreement, particularly in the early 21st century, focusing mainly on the political legitimacy of those using Myanmar versus Burma. Both names derive from the earlier Burmese Mranma or Mramma, an ethnonym for the majority Burman ethnic group, of uncertain etymology. The terms are also popularly thought to derive from Brahma Desha or ब्रह्मादेश/ब्रह्मावर्त Sanskrit after Brahma.

In 1989, the military government officially changed the English translations of many tag dating back to Burma's colonial period or earlier, including that of the country itself: Burma became Myanmar. The renaming supports a contested issue. many political and ethnic opposition groups and countries advance to use Burma because they do non recognise the legitimacy of the ruling military government or its predominance to rename the country.

In April 2016, soon after taking office, Aung San Suu Kyi commented on the question of which name should be used and said that "it is up to you because there is nothing in the constitution of our country that says that you must usage any term in particular". She continued, "I use Burma very often because I am used to using it. But it does non mean that I require other people to do that as well. And I'll make an try to say Myanmar from time to time so you any feel comfortable."

The country's official full name is "Republic of the Union of Myanmar" ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်, , pronounced . Countries that do not officially recognise that name use the long form "Union of Burma" instead. In English, the country is popularly invited as either Burma or Myanmar. In Burmese, the pronunciation depends on the or pronounced . The name Burma has been in use in English since the 18th century.

Official United States policy maintained Burma as the country's name although the [update]. The government of Canada has in the past used Burma, such(a) as in its 2007 legislation develop sanctions but as of August 2020 loosely uses Myanmar. The Czech Republic officially uses Myanmar, although its Ministry of Foreign Affairs uses both Myanmar and Burma on its website. The United Nations uses Myanmar, as does the ASEAN and as do Australia, Russia, Germany, China, India, Bangladesh, Norway, Japan and Switzerland. near English-speaking international news media refer to the country by the name Myanmar, including the BBC, CNN, Al Jazeera, Reuters, and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation ABC/Radio Australia.

Myanmar is known by a name deriving from Burma as opposed to Myanmar in Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Greek – Birmania being the local representation of Burma in both Italian and Spanish, Birmânia in Portuguese, and Birmanie in French. As in the past, French-language media today consistently use Birmanie.

There is no established pronunciation of the English name Myanmar, and at least nine different pronunciations exist. Those with two syllables are identified as more common by major UK and US dictionaries apart from Collins: , , . Dictionaries and other sources also version pronunciations with three syllables , , , , .

Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As in "father". whether the Burmese name မြန်မာ were spelled "Myanma" in English, this would be pronounced at the end by all English speakers. whether it were spelled "Myanmah", the end would be pronounced by all English speakers.