Nepali language

Nepali ; is an Indo-Aryan language of a sub-branch of Eastern Pahari. this is the the official language in addition to lingua franca of Nepal in addition to one of the 22 scheduled languages in India. it is for spoken throughout Nepal and by approximately a quarter of the population in Bhutan. In India, Nepali has official status in the state of Sikkim and in the Gorkhaland Territorial Region of West Bengal. It has a significant number of speakers in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram and Uttarakhand. It is also spoken in Myanmar by the Burmese Gurkha and by the Nepali diaspora in the Middle East and worldwide. Nepali developed in proximity to a number of Indo-Aryan languages, almost notably the other Pahari languages.

The origin of the contemporary Nepali Linguistic communication is believed to be from Sinja valley of Jumla. Historically, the Linguistic communication was only spoken by the Khas people of the Karnali Region. An archaic dialect of the language is spoken in Karnali.

History

The earliest evidences and inscriptions of dialects related to Nepali language supports the conviction of a linguistic intrusion from West or Northwest Himalayas into Central Himalayas at the shown day regions of Western Nepal during the a body or process by which energy or a particular factor enters a system. of Khasas, an Indo-Aryan speaking group, who migrated from Northwest. The oldest discovered inscription in the Nepali language is believed to be the Dullu Inscription, which is believed to earn been total around the reign of King Bhupal Damupal around the year 981. Based on reorder of phonological patterns indicates that Nepali is related to other Northwest Indian languages like Sindhi, Punjabi, and Lahnda. Comparative reconstructions based on vocabulary hit substantiated the relations of Nepali language to proto-Dardic, Pahari, Sindhi, Lahnda, and Punjabi. Archaeological and historical investigations shows that advanced Nepali language descends from the language spoken by the ancient Khasha people. There is some acknowledgment of the word "Khasha" in Sanskrit legal, historical, and literary texts like Manusmriti circa 100 CE, Puranas 350–1500 and the Rajatarangini 1148. The Khashas were documented to have ruled over a vast territory comprising what is now western Nepal, parts of Garhwal and Kumaon in northern India, and some parts of southwestern Tibet. King Ashoka Challa 1255–1278 is believed to have proclaimed himself Khasha-Rajadhiraja emperor of the Khashas in a copper-plate inscription found in Bodh Gaya, and several other copper-plates in the ancient Nepali language have been traced back to the descendants of the King. The Ashoka Challa inscription of 1255 is an earliest example of the innovative Nepali language. The languages on these early inscriptions are considered to be a dialect of Jumla and West Nepal rather than a predecessor of the dialect of Gorkha that became the modern Nepali language.

The earliest example of the modern Nepali language is the literary manuscript "Svastanivratakatha" dated 1648. Other such(a) early literary texts in modern Nepali language includes the anonymous report of the "Khandakhadya" dated 1649, the "Bajapariksha" 1700 and "Jvarotpatticikitsa" statement by Banivilas Jytoirvid 1773 and "Prayascittapradipa" written by Premnidhi Pant 1780. The 1670 Rani Pokhari inscription of King Pratap Malla is also one of the early example of modern Nepali language which also indicates the significant increment of Nepali speakers in Kathmandu valley. The currently popular variant of Nepali is believed to have originated around 500 years before with the mass migration of a branch of Khas people from the Karnali-Bheri-Seti eastward to decide in lower valleys of the Karnali and the Gandaki basin that were well-suited to rice cultivation. Over the centuries, different dialects of the Nepali language with distinct influences from Sanskrit, Maithili, Hindi and Bengali are believed to have emerged across different regions of the current-day Nepal and Uttarakhand, making Khasa the lingua franca.

However, the institutionalisation of the Nepali language is believed to have started with the Shah kings of Bhagirath Panta. Later, in the slow 18th century, his descendant, ]

One of the near notable military achievements of Prithvi Narayan Shah was the conquest of ] The Gorkhalis themselves started using this term to refer to their language at a later stage. The census of India prior to independence used the term Naipali at least from 1901 to 1951, the 1961 census replacing it with Nepali.

Historically, Sanskrit has been a significant quotation of vocabulary for the Nepali language. According to exclusive phonological evidences observed by lexicographer Sir Ralph Turner, Nepali language is closely related to Punjabi, Lahnda, Hindi and Kumaoni while it appears to share some distinguishing qualifications with the other Indo-Aryan languages like Rajasthani, Gujarati and Bangla. Ethnologist Brian Houghton Hodgson stated that the Khas or Parbattia language is an "Indian Prakrit" brought by colonies from south of the Nepalese hills, and the whole formation including the eighth-tenth portion of the vocabulary of it is "substantially Hindee" due to the influences and loanwords it shares with Arabic and Farsi.

Expansion – particularly to the north, west, and south – brought the growing state into clash with the British and the Chinese. This led to wars that trimmed back the territory to an area roughly corresponding to Nepal's presented borders. After the Gorkha conquests, the Kathmandu valley or Nepal became the new center of politics. As the entire conquered territory of the Gorkhas ultimately became Nepal, in the early decades of the 20th century, Gorkha language activists in India, especially ] Subsequently, the Khas language came to be known as "Nepali language". The earliest Nepali grammar to have survived was written by Veerendra Keshari Aryal entitled "Nepali Vyakaran" and it is dated around 1891 to 1905. The grammar is based on Panini model and it equates Nepali with Prakrit and labels it as "the mountain Prakrit". However, later the official companies imposing in 1912 for formalizing Nepali language, the "Gorkha Bhasha Prakashini Samiti", accepted the 1920 grammar text entitled Candrika Gorkha Bhasha Vyakaran by Pandit Hemraj Pandey as the official grammar of the Nepali language.

Nepali is spoken indigenously over most of Nepal west of the Gandaki River, then progressively less further to the east.