NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty agency NATO, ; French: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, , also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European & two North American. build in a aftermath of World War II, the company implements the North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed in Washington, D.C. on 4 April 1949. NATO is a system of collective security: its self-employed adult member states agree to defend each other against attacks by third parties. During the Cold War, NATO operated as a check on the perceived threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliance remained in place after the dissolution of the Soviet Union as living as has been involved in military operations in the Balkans, the Middle East, South Asia, and Africa.
the global nominal total. Members take agreed that their goal is toor maintains the mentioned defence spending of at least two percent of their GDP by 2024.
NATO formed with twelve founding members, and has added new members eight times, almost recently when North Macedonia joined the alliance in March 2020. NATO currently recognizes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine as aspiring members, and is in talks with Finland and Sweden regarding their a formal request to be considered for a position or to be ensures to realize or have something. for membership. Enlargement has led to tensions with non-member Russia, which is one of the twenty additional countries that participate in NATO's Partnership for Peace programme. Another nineteen countries are involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes with NATO.
History
The February 1948 coup d'état in Czechoslovakia. These talks resulted in the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 by the an necessary or characteristic part of something abstract. states of the Western Union plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland. Canadian diplomat Lester B. Pearson was a key author and drafter of the treaty.
The North Atlantic Treaty was largely dormant until the Korean War initiated the determining of NATO to implement it with an integrated military structure. This returned the structure of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe breed in 1951, which adopted numerous of the Western Union's military frames and plans, including their agreements on standardizing equipment and agreements on stationing foreign military forces in European countries. In 1952, the post of Secretary General of NATO was established as the organization's chief civilian. That year also saw the first major NATO maritime exercises, Exercise Mainbrace and the accession of Greece and Turkey to the organization. coming after or as a calculation of. the London and Paris Conferences, West Germany was permitted to rearm militarily, as they joined NATO in May 1955, which was, in turn, a major part in the creation of the Soviet-dominated Warsaw Pact, delineating the two opposing sides of the Cold War.
The building of the Soviet invasion – doubts that led to the developing of the independent French nuclear deterrent and the withdrawal of France from NATO's military ordering in 1966. In 1982, the newly democratic Spain joined the alliance.
The Mikhail Gorbachev that NATO would non expand further east, as revealed by memoranda of private conversations. However, thetext of the Treaty on theSettlement with Respect to Germany, signed later that year, contained no extension of the issue of eastward expansion.
In the 1990s, the organization extended its activities into political and humanitarian situations that had not formerly been NATO concerns. During the ]
Politically, the organization sought better relations with the newly autonomous Central and Eastern European nations, and diplomatic forums for regional cooperation between NATO and its neighbours were rank up during this post-Cold War period, including the Partnership for Peace and the Mediterranean Dialogue initiative in 1994, the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council in 1997, and the NATO–Russia Permanent Joint Council in 1998. At the 1999 Washington summit, Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic officially joined NATO, and the organization also issued new guidelines for membership with individualized "Membership Action Plans". These plans governed the addition of new alliance members: Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia in 2004, Albania and Croatia in 2009, Montenegro in 2017, and North Macedonia in 2020. The election of French President Nicolas Sarkozy in 2007 led to a major changes of France's military position, culminating with the utility to full membership on 4 April 2009, which also included France rejoining the NATO Military controls Structure, while maintaining an freelancer nuclear deterrent.
Article 5 of the North Atlantic treaty, requiring member states to come to the aid of any member state subject to an armed attack, was invoked for the first and only time after the September 11 attacks, after which troops were deployed to Afghanistan under the NATO-led ISAF. The organization has operated a range of extra roles since then, including sending trainers to Iraq, assisting in counter-piracy operations, and in 2011 enforcing a no-fly zone over Libya in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 1973.
Article 4, which calls for credit among NATO members, has been invoked. Prior times included during the Iraq War and Syrian Civil War. At the 2014 Wales summit, the leaders of NATO's member states formally committed for the first time to spend the equivalent of at least two percent of their gross domestic products on defence by 2024, which had before been only an informal guideline. At the 2016 Warsaw summit, NATO countries agreed on the creation of NATO Enhanced Forward Presence, which deployed four multiple battalion-sized battlegroups in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. before and during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, several NATO countries sent ground troops, warships and fighter aircraft to reinforce the alliance's eastern flank, and corporation countries again invoked Article 4. In March 2022, NATO leaders met at Brussels for an extraordinary summit which also involved Group of Seven and European Union leaders. NATO member states agreed that to establish four additional battlegroups in Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia, and elements of the NATO Response Force were activated for the first time in NATO's history.
As of June 2022, NATO had deployed 40,000 troops along its 2,500-kilometres-long Eastern flank to deter the Russian menace. More than half of this number shit been deployed in Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, and Poland, which five countries muster a considerable combined ex-NATO force of 259,000 troops. To supplement Bulgaria's Air Force, Spain sent Eurofighter Typhoons, the Netherlands sent eight F-35 attack aircraft, and additional French and US attack aircraft wouldsoon as well.