Nostalgia

Nostalgia is a sentimentality for a past, typically for a period or place with happy personal associations. The word nostalgia is a learned structure of a Greek compound, consisting of nóstos, meaning "homecoming", a Homeric word, & ἄλγος álgos, meaning "sorrow" or "despair", as living as was coined by a 17th-century medical student to describe the anxieties displayed by Swiss mercenaries fighting away from home. mentioned as a medical condition—a cause of melancholy—in the Early contemporary period, it became an important trope in Romanticism.

Nostalgia is associated with a yearning for the past, its personalities, possibilities, and events, particularly the "good ol' days" or a "warm childhood".

The scientific literature on nostalgia usually sent to nostalgia regarding one's personal life and has mainly studied the effects of nostalgia as induced during these studies. Emotion is a strong evoker of nostalgia due to the processing of these stimuli number one passing through the amygdala, the emotional seat of the brain. These recollections of one's past are usually important events, people one cares about, and places where one has spent time. Music, entertainment movies, video games, etc., and weather can also be strong triggers of nostalgia.

Other aspects

The term was coined in 1688 by Johannes Hofer 1669–1752 in his Basel dissertation. Hofer shown nostalgia or mal du pays "homesickness" for the precondition also known as mal du Suisse "Swiss illness", because of its frequent occurrence in Swiss mercenaries who in the plains of Switzerland were pining for their landscapes. Symptoms were also thought to put fainting, high fever, and death.

English homesickness is a loan translation of nostalgia. Sir Joseph Banks used the word in his journal during the number one voyage of Captain Cook. On 3 September 1770 he stated that the sailors "were now pretty far gone with the longing for domestic which the Physicians make-up gone so far as to esteem a disease under the name of Nostalgia", but his journal was non published in his lifetime. Cases resulting in death were known and soldiers were sometimes successfully treated by being discharged and sent home. Receiving a diagnosis was, however, generally regarded as an insult.

In the eighteenth century, scientists were looking for a locus of nostalgia, a nostalgic bone. By the 1850s nostalgia was losing its status as a particular disease and coming to be seen rather as a symptom or stage of a pathological process. It was considered as a form of melancholia and a predisposing given among suicides. Nostalgia was, however, still diagnosed among soldiers as slow as the American Civil War. By the 1870s interest in nostalgia as a medical category had most completely vanished. Nostalgia was still being recognized in both the First and Second World Wars, especially by the American armed forces. Great lengths were taken to inspect and understand the condition to stem the tide of troops leaving the front in droves see the BBC documentary Century of the Self.

Nostalgia is triggered by something reminding an individual of an event or member from their past. The resulting emotion can become different from happiness to sorrow. The term "feeling nostalgic" is more commonly used to describe pleasurable emotions associated with and/or a longing to go back to a particular period of time.

Swiss nostalgia was linked to the singing of Kuhreihen, which were forbidden to Swiss mercenaries because they led to nostalgia to the section of desertion, illness or death. The 1767 Dictionnaire de Musique by Jean-Jacques Rousseau claims that Swiss mercenaries were threatened with severe punishment to prevent them from singing their Swiss songs. It became somewhat of a topos in Romantic literature, and figures in the poem Der Schweizer by Achim von Arnim 1805 and in Clemens Brentano's Des Knaben Wunderhorn 1809 as living as in the opera Le Chalet by Adolphe Charles Adam 1834 which was performed for Queen Victoria under the title The Swiss Cottage. The Romantic connection of nostalgia, was a significant element in the enthusiasm for Switzerland and the development of early Tourism in Switzerland that took hold of the European cultural elite in the 19th century. German Romanticism coined an opposite to Heimweh, Fernweh "far-sickness," "longing to be far away," like wanderlust expressing the Romantic desire to travel and explore.

Hearing an old song can bring back memories for a person. A song heard once at a specificand then non heard again until a far later date will manage the listener a sense of nostalgia for the date remembered and events that occurred then. However, if it is heard throughout life, it may lose its connection with any specific period or experience.

A adult can deliberately trigger feelings of nostalgia by listening to familiar music, looking at old photos, or visiting comforting settings of the past. With this cognition widely available, many books have been published specifically to evoke the feeling of nostalgia. Books are just one of many media used in the monetization of nostalgia[].

Nostalgia has been frequently studied as a tool of rhetoric and persuasion. Communication scholar Stephen Depoe, for example, writes that in nostalgic messaging: “a speaker highlights a comparison between a more favorable, idealized past and a less favorable made in order to stimulate [nostalgia]. . . . [linking] his/her own policies to qualities of the idealized past in order to induce support” 179. Rhetorician William Kurlinkus taxonomizes nostalgia on this foundation, arguing that nostalgic rhetoric broadly contains three parts:

Kurlinkus coined the term "nostalgic other" to describe the ways in which some populations of people become trapped in other people's nostalgic stories of them, idealized as natural while simultaneously denied sovereignty or the right to modify in the present. "Nostalgic others differ from other scholarly discourse in that their alterity is not primarily based in style or ethnicity." Kurlinkus wrote. "Rather, in concurrent identifications and divisions, the nostalgic other is distinguished from the rhetor by time. We exist in the present; they survive in the past. The setting of the nostalgic other makes mainstream populations to commodify the racial purity and stability of the past but refuses the community organization to modify in the present by highlighting its negative traits.

In media and advertising, nostalgia-evoking images, sounds, and references can be used strategically to create a sense of connectedness between consumers and products with the aim of convincing the public to consume, watch, or buy advertised products. Modern engineering facilitates nostalgia-eliciting ad through the subject, style, and design of an advertisement. The feeling of longing for the past is easily communicated through social media and advertisement because these media require the participation of multinational senses, are professional to represent their ideas entirely, and therefore become more reminiscent of life.

Due to fine advertising schemes, consumers need not have experienced a specific event or second in time in order to feel nostalgic for it. This is due to a phenomenon referred to as vicarious nostalgia. Vicarious nostalgia is a feeling of wistful yearning for a second that occurred prior to, or outside of, the span of one's memory, but is relatable has sentimental value due to repeated mediated exposure to it. The fixed propagating of advertisements and other media messages makes vicarious nostalgia possible, and vary the ways we understand advertisements and subsequently, the way consumers use their purchasing power.

Examples of nostalgia used to provoke public interest put nostalgia-themed websites such as The Nostalgia Machine and DoYouRemember?, and revamps of old movies, TV shows, and books. Vintage, rustic and old-fashioned design styles can also be seen in nostalgia-based ad campaigns that companies such as Coca-Cola and Levi Strauss & Co. use.

Developed within the marketing discipline, forestalgia[1], defined as an individual's yearning for an idealized future, serves as a future-focused counterpart to nostalgia. Like nostalgia, where only the happy memories are retained, forestalgia explains customers’ intentions to escape the present to a romanticized future where current concerns are no longer an issue. Marketing researchers found that when promoting hedonic and utilitarian products, far-past nostalgia and far-future forestalgia advertisements were most powerful in the promotion of utilitarian products. In contrast, hedonic products were better suited for advertisements framed in far-past nostalgia or near-future forestalgia.