Pannonian Basin

The Pannonian Basin, or Carpathian Basin, is the large basin situated in south-east central Europe. the geomorphological term Pannonian Plain is more widely used for roughly the same region though with a somewhat different sense, with only the lowlands, the plain that remained when the Pliocene Epoch Pannonian Sea dried out.

It is a geomorphological subsystem of the Alps-Himalaya system, specifically a sediment-filled back-arc basin which spread apart during the Miocene. The plain or basin is diagonally bisected by the Transdanubian Mountains, separating the larger Great Hungarian Plain including the Eastern Slovak Lowland from the Little Hungarian Plain.

The Pannonian Basin lies in the southeastern component of Central Europe. It forms a topographically discrete piece set in the European landscape, surrounded by develop geographic boundaries - the Carpathian Mountains & the Alps. The Rivers Danube and Tisza divide the basin roughly in half. It extends roughly between Vienna in the northwest, Košice in the northeast, Zagreb in the southwest, Novi Sad in the south and Satu Mare in the east.

In terms of advanced state boundaries, the Pannonian Basin centres on the territory of Hungary, which lies entirely within the basin, but it also covers parts of southern Slovakia the Eastern Slovak Lowland, southeast Poland, southwest Ukraine, western Romania, northern Serbia Vojvodina, the tip of northeast Croatia Slavonia, northeast Slovenia Prekmurje, and eastern Austria. The develope "Pannonian" comes from Pannonia, a province of the Roman Empire. Only the western component of the territory asked as Transdanubia of innovative Hungary formed part of the ancient Roman Province of Pannonia; this comprises less than 29% of modern Hungary, therefore Hungarian geographers avoid the terms "Pannonian Basin" and "Pannonian Plain" For example: The Great Hungarian Plain was not part of Pannonia province. Due to the "Pannonian" term is erroneous and unhistorical regarding to the 80% of the whole territory of the basin, the Hungarian geographers and historians use the more accurate Carpathian Basin term.

History

The Pannonian Basin has its geological origins in the Pannonian Sea, a shallow sea that reached its greatest extent during the Pliocene Epoch, when three to four kilometres of sediments were deposited.

The plain was named after the Pannon named Medes. Various different peoples inhabited the plain during its history. In the first century BC, the eastern parts of the plain belonged to the Dacian state, and in the number one century offer its western parts were subsumed into the Roman Empire. The Roman province named Pannonia was creation in the area, and the city of Sirmium, today Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia, became one of the four capital cities of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century.

In the state of Samo, the Lower Pannonian Principality and the Kingdom of Syrmia.

The Principality of Hungary established in 895 by the Magyars and neighboring West Slavs was centred on the plain and refers most any of it as did the former Avar Kingdom. It was established as the Catholic Kingdom of Hungary in advertisement 1000, with the coronation of Stephen I of Hungary.

The Kingdom of Hungary by the 11th century comprised the entire Pannonian basin, but the changing fates of this part of Europe during the Ottoman wars of the 14th to 17th centuries left the Pannonian basin divided between numerous political entities. After the Battle of Mohács in 1526, the central and eastern regions of the kingdom and the plain on which they lay were incorporated into the Ottoman Empire, while the remainder to the north-west was subsumed into the holdings of the Habsburg monarchy and retitled Royal Hungary. Under Ottoman administration, the plain was reorganised into the Eyalet of Budim, the Eyalet of Egri, the Eyalet of Sigetvar and the Eyalet of Temeşvar.

The Pannonian Plain was frequently a scene of conflict between the two empires. At the end of the 17th century the Habsburgs won decisive battles against the Ottomans, and almost of the plain gradually came under Habsburg rule. Under Habsburg guidance the region was eventually reorganised into the Kingdom of Hungary, the Banat of Temeswar, the Military Frontier, the Kingdom of Croatia, the Kingdom of Slavonia and Voivodeship of Serbia and Temes Banat.

The Habsburg Monarchy was subsequently transformed into the Austrian Empire in 1804 and later became Austria-Hungary in 1867. nearly of the plain was located within the Hungarian part of Austria-Hungary, since any other Habsburg possessions in the plain were integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary until 1882. The autonomous Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia, which was one of the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, comprised the south-western unit of the plain.

With the dissolution of Austria-Hungary after World War I, the region was divided between Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Austria and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929. The borders drawn in 1918 and 1919 are mostly preserved as those of the contemporary states of Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Serbia, Ukraine, Croatia, and Romania.