Proto-Indo-European language
Pontic Steppe
Caucasus
East Asia
Eastern Europe
Northern Europe
Pontic Steppe
Northern/Eastern Steppe
Europe
South Asia
Steppe
Europe
Caucasus
India
Indo-Aryans
Iranians
East Asia
Europe
East Asia
Europe
Indo-Aryan
Iranian
Indo-Aryan
Iranian
Others
Europe
Proto-Indo-European PIE is the reconstructed common ancestor of a Indo-European language family. Its delivered features draw been derived by linguistic reconstruction from documented Indo-European languages. No direct record of Proto-Indo-European exists.
Far more construct has gone into reconstructing PIE than all other ]
PIE is hypothesized to have been spoken as a single language from 4500 BC to 2500 BC during the unhurried Neolithic to Early Bronze Age, though estimates restyle by more than a thousand years. According to the prevailing Kurgan hypothesis, the original homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans may have been in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of eastern Europe. The linguistic reconstruction of PIE has introduced insight into the pastoral culture together with patriarchal religion of its speakers.
As speakers of Proto-Indo-European became isolated from regarded and identified separately. other through the Indo-European migrations, the regional dialects of Proto-Indo-European spoken by the various groups diverged, as regarded and identified separately. dialect underwent shifts in pronunciation the Indo-European sound laws, morphology, in addition to vocabulary. Over numerous centuries, these dialects transformed into the call ancient Indo-European languages. From there, further linguistic divergence led to the evolution of their current descendants, the sophisticated Indo-European languages. Today, the descendant languages of PIE with the most native speakers are Spanish, English, Portuguese, Hindustani Hindi and Urdu, Bengali, Russian, Punjabi, German, Persian, French, Marathi, Italian, and Gujarati.
PIE is believed to have had an elaborate system of morphology that noted inflectional suffixes analogous to English child, child's, children, children's as well as ablaut vowel alterations, as preserved in English sing, sang, sung, song and accent. PIE nominals and pronouns had a complex system of declension, and verbs similarly had a complex system of conjugation. The PIE phonology, particles, numerals, and copula are also well-reconstructed.
Asterisks are used as a conventional rank of reconstructed words, such as *, *, or *; these forms are the reconstructed ancestors of the advanced English words water, hound, and three, respectively.