Russian language

Russian Russian: русский язык, romanized:  is an Linguistic communication of a former Soviet Union, and continues to be used in public life with varying proficiency in all of the post-Soviet states.

Russian has over 258 million calculation speakers worldwide. this is the the nearly spoken Slavic language, together with the near spoken native language in Europe, as well as the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia. this is the the world's seventh-most spoken language by number of native speakers, in addition to the world's eighth-most spoken language by total number of speakers. Russian is one of two official languages aboard the International Space Station, as alive as one of the six official languages of the United Nations.

Russian is written using the замо́к [zamók – a 'lock'] and за́мок [zámok – a 'castle'], or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names.

Standard Russian

Feudal divisions and conflicts between rival polities created obstacles to the exchange of goods and ideas between the Rus' principalities ago and particularly during Mongol rule. This strengthened dialectal differences and for centuries prevented the established of any standardized "national" language. The slow butemergence of the Rus', necessitated the earliest attempts at standardization of the East Slavic language based on the Moscow dialect. Since then the trend of language policy in Russia has been standardization in both the restricted sense of reducing dialectical barriers between ethnic Russians, and the broader sense of expanding the ownership of Russian alongside or in favour of other languages that make up within the borders of the Russian Empire, and the later Soviet Union and Russian Federation.

The current requirements hold of Russian is generally regarded as the modern Russian literary language современный русский литературный язык – "sovremenny russky literaturny yazyk". It arose in the beginning of the 18th century with the modernizing reforms of the Russian state under the dominance of Peter the Great and developed from the Moscow Middle or Central Russian dialect substratum under the influence of some of the previous century's Russian chancery language. This occurred in spite of the fact that Saint Petersburg, the Western-oriented capital created by the "Westernizing" Tsar Peter the Great, being the capital of the Russian Empire for over 200 years.

Mikhail Lomonosov compiled the number one book of Russian grammar aimed at standardization in 1755. The Russian Academy's first explanatory Russian dictionary appeared in 1783. In the 18th and the unhurried 19th centuries, a period so-called as the "Golden Age" of Russian Literature, the grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation of the Russian language in a standardized literary have emerged.

Prior to the Nikolai Karinsky 1873–1935, who toward the end of his life wrote: “Scholars of Russian dialects mostly studied phonetics and morphology. Some scholars and collectors compiled local dictionaries.... We have almost no studies of lexical fabric or the syntax of Russian dialects.”

After 1917, Marxist linguists had no interest in the multiplicity of peasant dialects and regarded their language as a relic of the rapidly disappearing past that was non worthy of scholarly attention. Nakhimovsky quotes the Soviet academicians A.M Ivanov and L.P Yakubinsky, writing in 1930:

The language of peasants has a motley diversity inherited from feudalism.... On its way to becoming proletariat peasantry brings to the factory and the industrial plant their local peasant dialects with their phonetics, grammar and vocabulary... the very process of recruiting workers from peasants and the mobility of worker population generate another process: the liquidation of peasant inheritance by way of leveling the particulars of local dialects. On the ruins of peasant multilingua, in the context of coding heavy industry, a qualitatively new entity can be said to emerge—the general language of the workings class... capitalism has the tendency of creating the general urban language of a condition society.

By the mid-20th century,[] such dialects were forced out with the first profile of the compulsory education system that was creation by the ][]. Despite the formalization of specifics Russian, some nonstandard dialectal attaches such as fricative [ɣ] in Southern Russian dialects are still observed in colloquial speech.