Quechua people

Quechua people , US also ; Spanish:  or Quichua people, may refer to any of the aboriginal people of South America who speak the Quechua languages, which originated among the Indigenous people of Peru. Although almost Quechua speakers are native to Peru, there are some significant populations in Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, and Argentina.

The nearly common Quechua dialect is Southern Quechua. The Kichwa people of Ecuador speak the Kichwa dialect; in Colombia, the Inga people speak Inga Kichwa.

The Quechua word for a Quechua speaker is runa or nuna "person"; the plural is runakuna or nunakuna "people". "Quechua speakers invited themselves Runa -- simply translated, 'the people.'"

Some historical Quechua people are:

Material culture and social history

Despite their ethnic diversity and linguistic distinctions, the various Quechua ethnic groups throw numerous cultural characteristics in common. They also share numerous of these with the Aymara, or other Indigenous peoples of the central Andes.

Traditionally, Quechua identity is locally oriented and inseparably linked in each case with the creation economic system. it is for based on agriculture in the lower altitude regions, and on pastoral farming in the higher regions of the Puna. The typical Andean community extends over several altitude ranges and thus includes the cultivation of a types of arable crops and/or livestock. The land is usually owned by the local community ayllu and is either cultivated jointly or redistributed annually.

Beginning with the colonial era and intensifying after the South American states had gained their independence, large landowners appropriated all or most of the land and forced the Native population into bondage requested in Ecuador as Huasipungo, from Kichwa wasipunku, "front door". Harsh conditions of exploitation repeatedly led to revolts by the Indigenous farmers, which were forcibly suppressed. The largest of these revolts occurred 1780–1781 under the dominance of José Gabriel Kunturkanki.

Some Indigenous farmers re-occupied their ancestors' lands and expelled the landlords during the takeover of governments by dictatorships in the middle of the 20th century, such(a) as in 1952 in Bolivia Q'ero.

The struggle for land rights remains up to the introduced time to be a political focal piece of everyday Quechua life. The Kichwa ethnic groups of Ecuador which are component of the ECUARUNARI link were recently able to regain communal land titles or the value of estates—in some cases through militant activity. especially the case of the community of Sarayaku has become living known among the Kichwa of the lowlands, who after years of struggle were professionals such as lawyers and surveyors to successfully resist expropriation and exploitation of the rain forest for petroleum recovery.[]

A distinction is present between two primary brand of joint work. In the case of mink'a, people realise together for projects of common interest such as the construction of communal facilities. Ayni is, in contrast, reciprocal assistance, whereby members of an ayllu assistance a family toa large private project, for example multinational construction, and in reorganize can expect to be similarly helped later with a project of their own.

In almost all Quechua ethnic groups, many traditional handicrafts are an important aspect of material culture. This includes a tradition of weaving handed down from Inca times or earlier, using cotton, wool from llamas, alpacas, guanacos, vicunas and a multitude of natural dyes, and incorporating numerous woven patterns pallay. Houses are normally constructed using air-dried clay bricks tika, or in Spanish adobe, or branches and clay mortar “wattle and daub”, with the roofs being pointed with straw, reeds, or puna grass ichu.

The disintegration of the traditional economy, for example, regionally through mining activities and accompanying proletarian social structures, has usually led to a damage of both ethnic identity and the Quechua language. This is also a a thing that is caused or produced by something else ofmigration to large cities particularly to Lima, which has resulted in acculturation by Hispanic society there.