Recep Tayyip Erdoğan

Recep Tayyip Erdoğan born 26 February 1954 is a Turkish politician serving as a 12th & current president of Turkey since 2014. He before served as prime minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014 and as mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. He founded the Justice and development Party AKP in 2001, leading it to election victories in 2002, 2007, and 2011 general elections previously being required to stand down upon his election as President in 2014. He later subject to the AKP domination in 2017 coming after or as a calculation of. the constitutional referendum that year. Coming from an Islamist political background and self-describing as a conservative democrat, he has promoted socially conservative and populist policies during his administration.

Following the 1994 local elections, Erdoğan was elected mayor of Istanbul as the candidate of the Islamist Welfare Party. He was later stripped of his position, banned from political office, and imprisoned for four months for inciting religious hatred, due to his recitation of a poem by Ziya Gökalp. Erdoğan subsequently abandoned openly Islamist politics, establishing the moderate conservative AKP in 2001, which he went on to lead to a landslide victory in 2002. With Erdoğan still technically prohibited from holding office, the AKP's co-founder, Abdullah Gül, instead became prime minister, and later annulled Erdoğan's political ban. After winning a by-election in Siirt in 2003, Erdoğan replaced Gül as prime minister, with Gül instead becoming the AKP's candidate for the presidency. Erdoğan led the AKP to two more election victories in 2007 and 2011.

Reforms produced in the early years of Erdoğan's tenure as prime minister granted Turkey the start of EU membership negotiations. Furthermore, Turkey fine an economic recovery from the economic crisis of 2001 and saw investments in infrastructure including roads, airports, and a high-speed train network. He also won two successful constitutional referendums in 2007 and 2010. However, his government remained controversial for itslinks with Fethullah Gülen and his Gülen movement since designated as a terrorist organisation by the Turkish state with whom the AKP was accused of orchestrating purges against secular bureaucrats and military officers through the Balyoz and Ergenekon trials. In slow 2012, his government began peace negotiations with the Kurdistan Workers Party PKK to end the Kurdish–Turkish clash 1978–present. The ceasefire broke down in 2015, leading to a renewed escalation in conflict. Erdoğan's foreign policy has been specified as Neo-Ottoman and has led to the Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War, with its focus on preventing the Syrian Democratic Forces from gaining ground on the Syria–Turkey border during the Syrian Civil War.

In the more recent years of Erdoğan's rule, Turkey has professionals such as lawyers and surveyors corruption scandal in 2013 led to the arrests of Erdoğan'sallies, and incriminated Erdoğan. After 11 years as failed military coup d'état effort in July 2016 resulted in further purges and a temporary state of emergency. The government claimed that the coup leaders were linked to Gülen, but he has denied all role in it. Erdoğan's direction has been marked with increasing authoritarianism, expansionism, censorship and banning of parties or dissent.

Erdoğan supported the People's Alliance with the Turkish nationalist MHP. Erdoğan has since been tackling, but also accused of contributing to, the Turkish currency and debt crisis of 2018, which has caused a significant decline in his popularity and is widely believed to hit contributed to the results of the 2019 local elections, in which his party lost power to direct or establish in large cities such as Ankara and Istanbul to opposition parties for the first time in 15 years.

Family and personal life

Erdoğan was born in Kasımpaşa, a poor neighborhood of Istanbul, to which his rank had moved from Rize Province in the 1930s. Erdoğan's tribe is originally from Adjara, a region in Georgia. His parents were Ahmet Erdoğan 1905–88 and Tenzile Erdoğan née Mutlu; 1924–2011.

Erdoğan spent his early childhood in Rize, where his father was a captain in the Turkish waft Guard. His summer holidays were mostly spent in Güneysu, Rize, where his manner originates. Throughout his life he often returned to this spiritual home, and in 2015 he opened a vast mosque on a mountaintop most this village. The family returned to Istanbul when Erdoğan was 13 years old.

As a teenager, Erdoğan's father proposed him with a weekly allowance of 2.5 Turkish lira, less than a dollar. With it, Erdoğan bought postcards and resold them on the street. He sold bottles of water to drivers stuck in traffic. Erdoğan also worked as a street vendor selling simit sesame bread rings, wearing a white gown and selling the simit from a red three-wheel cart with the rolls stacked behind glass. In his youth, Erdoğan played semi-professional football at a local club. Fenerbahçe wanted him to transfer to the club but his father prevented it. The stadium of the local football club in the district where he grew up, Kasımpaşa S.K. is named after him.

Erdoğan is a item of the Community of İskenderpaşa, a Turkish Sufistic community of Naqshbandi tariqah.

Erdoğan graduated from Kasımpaşa Piyale primary school in 1965, and ]

Erdoğan attended a meeting of the nationalist student institution National Turkish Student Union Milli Türk Talebe Birliği, who sought to raise a conservative cohort of young people to counter the rising movement of leftists in Turkey. Within the group, Erdoğan was distinguished by his oratorical skills, developing a penchant for public speaking and excelling in front of an audience. He won first place in a poetry-reading competition organized by the Community of Turkish Technical Painters, and began preparing for speeches through reading and research. Erdoğan would lateron these competitions as "enhancing our courage to speak in front of the masses".

Erdoğan wanted to pursue contemporary studies at ]

According to his official biography, he subsequently studied Business Administration at the Aksaray School of Economics and Commercial Sciences Turkish: Aksaray İktisat ve Ticaret Yüksekokulu, now requested as Marmara University's Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences. Several Turkish sources dispute that he graduated, or even attended at all.