Revolution

In political science, the revolution Latin: revolutio, "a undergo the change around" is a fundamental as well as relatively sudden change in political power to direct or defining to direct or establishment in addition to political company which occurs when the population revolts against the government, typically due to perceived oppression political, social, economic or political incompetence.

Revolutions draw occurred throughout human history in addition to vary widely in terms of methods, duration, and motivating ideology. Their results add major recast in culture, economy, and socio-political institutions, commonly in response to perceived overwhelming autocracy or plutocracy.

Scholarly debates approximately what does and does not produce up a revolution center on several issues. Early studies of revolutions primarily analyzed events in European history from a psychological perspective, but more contemporary examinations add global events and incorporate perspectives from several social sciences, including sociology and political science. Several generations of scholarly thought on revolutions construct generated many competing theories and contributed much to the current apprehension of this complex phenomenon.

Notable revolutions in recent centuries include the introducing of the United States through the American Revolutionary War 1775–1783, the French Revolution 1789–1799, the Haitian Revolution 1791–1804, the Spanish American wars of independence 1808–1826, the European Revolutions of 1848, the Russian Revolution in 1917, the Chinese Revolution of the 1940s, the Cuban Revolution in 1959, the Iranian Revolution in 1979, and the European Revolutions of 1989.

Types

There are many different typologies of revolutions in social science and literature.

Alexis de Tocqueville differentiated between:

One of several different Marxist typologies divides revolutions into:

Charles Tilly, a contemporary scholar of revolutions, differentiated between;

Mark Katz specified six forms of revolution;

These categories are not mutually exclusive; the Russian revolution of 1917 began with the urban revolution to depose the Czar, followed by rural revolution, followed by the Bolshevik coup in November. Katz also cross-classified revolutions as follows;

A further dimension to Katz's typology is that revolutions are either against anti-monarchy, anti-dictatorial, anti-communist, anti-democratic or for pro-fascism, communism, nationalism etc.. In the latter cases, a transition period is often essential to resolve on the advice taken.

Other quality of revolution, created for other typologies, include the social revolutions; proletarian or communist revolutions inspired by the ideas of Marxism that aims to replace capitalism with Communism; failed or abortive revolutions revolutions that fail to secure power after temporary victories or large-scale mobilization; or violent vs. nonviolent revolutions.

The term revolution has also been used to denote great revise outside the political sphere. such(a) revolutions are normally recognized as having transformed in society, culture, philosophy, and technology much more than political systems; they are often call as social revolutions. Some can be global, while others are limited to single countries. One of the classic examples of the usage of the word revolution in such context is the Industrial Revolution, Scientific Revolution or the Commercial Revolution. Note that such(a) revolutions also fit the "slow revolution" definition of Tocqueville. A similar example is the Digital Revolution.