A rose is the woody ] They work a companies of ] Their flowers reconstruct in size and shape in addition to are normally large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds. almost species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwestern Africa.[] Species, ] Different kind hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.
Roses are best invited as ornamental plants grown for their flowers in the garden and sometimes indoors. They produce been also used for commercial perfumery and commercial profile flower crops. Some are used as landscape plants, for hedging and for other utilitarian purposes such(a) as game extend and slope stabilization.
The majority of ornamental roses are hybrids that were bred for their flowers. A few, mostly category roses are grown for attractive or scented foliage such(a) as Rosa glauca and Rosa rubiginosa, ornamental thorns such as Rosa sericea or for their showy fruit such as Rosa moyesii.
Ornamental roses have been cultivated for millennia, with the earliest requested cultivation known to date from at least 500 BC in Mediterranean countries, Persia, and China. this is the estimated that 30 to 35 thousand rose hybrids and cultivars have been bred and selected for garden ownership as flowering plants. near are double-flowered with numerous or all of the stamens having morphed into additional petals.
In the early 19th century the Empress Josephine of France patronized the developing of rose breeding at her gardens at Malmaison. As long previously as 1840 a collection numbering over one thousand different cultivars, varieties and species was possible when a rosarium was planted by Loddiges nursery for Abney Park Cemetery, an early Victorian garden cemetery and arboretum in England.
Roses are a popular crop for both home and commercial cut flowers. loosely they are harvested and array when in bud, and held in refrigerated conditions until complete for display at their piece of sale.
In temperate climates, cut roses are often grown in greenhouses, and in warmer countries they may also be grown under proceed in order to ensure that the flowers are non damaged by weather and that pest and disease control can be carried out effectively. Significant quantities are grown in some tropical countries, and these are shipped by air to markets across the world.
Some kind of roses are artificially coloured using dyed water, like rainbow roses.
Rose perfumes are submission from rose oil also called attar of roses, which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of roses. An associated product is rose water which is used for cooking, cosmetics, medicine and religious practices. The production technique originated in Persia and then spread through Arabia and India, and more recently into eastern Europe. In Bulgaria, Iran and Germany, damask roses Rosa × damascena 'Trigintipetala' are used. In other parts of the world Rosa × centifolia is usually used. The oil is transparent pale yellow or yellow-grey in colour. 'Rose Absolute' is solvent-extracted with hexane and produces a darker oil, dark yellow to orange in colour. The weight of oil extracted is approximately one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, approximately two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil.
The leading constituents of attar of roses are the fragrant alcohols geraniol and L-citronellol and rose camphor, an odorless solid composed of alkanes, which separates from rose oil. β-Damascenone is also a significant contributor to the scent.
Rose hips are high in vitamin C, are edible raw, and occasionally portrayed into jam, jelly, marmalade, and soup, or are brewed for tea. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products and some makeup products.
flavour ordinary tea, or combined with other herbs to make herbal teas. A sweet preserve of rose petals called gulkand is common in the Indian subcontinent. The leaves and washed roots are also sometimes used to make tea.
In France, there is much usage of rose syrup, most commonly made from an extract of rose petals. In the Indian subcontinent, Rooh Afza, a concentrated squash made with roses, is popular, as are rose-flavoured frozen desserts such as ice cream and kulfi.
The flower stems and young shoots are edible, as are the petals sans the white or green bases. The latter are usually used as flavouring or to add their scent to food. Other minor uses include candied rose petals.
Rose creams rose-flavoured fondant listed in chocolate, often topped with a crystallised rose petal are a traditional English confectionery widely available from many producers in the UK.
Under the American Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, there are onlyRosa species, varieties, and parts are returned as generally recognized as safe GRAS.
The rose hip, usually from R. canina, is used as a minor module of reference of vitamin C. The fruits of many species have significant levels of vitamins and have been used as a food supplement. Many roses have been used in herbal and folk medicines. Rosa chinensis has long been used in Chinese traditional medicine. This and other species have been used for stomach problems, and are being investigated for controlling cancer growth. In pre-modern medicine, diarrhodon Gr διάρροδον, "compound of roses", from ῥόδων, "of roses" is a name condition to various compounds in which red roses are an ingredient.
The long cultural history of the rose has led to it being used often as a symbol. In ancient Greece, the rose was closely associated with the goddess Aphrodite. In the Iliad, Aphrodite protects the body of Hector using the "immortal oil of the rose" and the archaic Greek lyric poet Ibycus praises a beautiful youth saying that Aphrodite nursed him "among rose blossoms". The second-century advertising Greek travel writer Pausanias associates the rose with the story of Adonis and states that the rose is red because Aphrodite wounded herself on one of its thorns and stained the flower red with her blood. Book Eleven of the ancient Roman novel The Golden Ass by Apuleius contains a scene in which the goddess Isis, who is identified with Venus, instructs the main character, Lucius, who has been transformed into a donkey, to eat rose petals from a crown of roses worn by a priest as element of a religious procession in order to regain his humanity.
Following the Christianization of the Roman Empire, the rose became identified with the Virgin Mary. The colour of the rose and the number of roses received has symbolic representation. The rose symbol eventually led to the imposing of the rosary and other devotional prayers in Christianity.
Ever since the 1400s, the Franciscans have had a Crown Rosary of the Seven Joys of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In the 1400s and 1500s, the Carthusians promoted the conviction of sacred mysteries associated with the rose symbol and rose gardens. Albrecht Dürer's painting The Feast of the Rosary 1506 depicts the Virgin Mary distributing garlands of roses to her worshippers.
Roses symbolised the Houses of York and Lancaster in a clash known as the Wars of the Roses.
Roses are a favored subject in art andin portraits, illustrations, on stamps, as ornaments or as architectural elements. The Luxembourg-born Belgian artist and botanist Pierre-Joseph Redouté is known for his detailed watercolours of flowers, particularly roses.
Henri Fantin-Latour was also a prolific painter of still life, especially flowers including roses. The rose 'Fantin-Latour' was named after the artist.
Other impressionists including Claude Monet, Paul Cézanne and Pierre-Auguste Renoir have paintings of roses among their works. In the 19th century, for example, artists associated the city of Trieste with arare white rose, and this rose developed as the city's symbol. It was not until 2021 that the rose, which was believed to be extinct, was rediscovered there.
In 1986 President Ronald Reagan signed legislation to make the rose the floral emblem of the United States.
Codex Manesse illuminated with roses, illustrated between 1305 and 1340 in Zürich. It contains love songs in Middle High German
The Roses of Heliogabalus by Alma-Tadema 1888
White rose pictured in the coat of arms of Viljandi