Taxonomy (biology)

In Ancient Greek -νομία method' is the scientific study of naming, establish circumscribing as alive as classifying groups of biological organisms based on divided characteristics. Organisms are grouped into taxa singular: taxon & these groups are precondition a taxonomic rank; groups of a condition rank can be aggregated to take a more inclusive chain of higher rank, thus making a taxonomic hierarchy. a principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the founder of the current system of taxonomy, as he developed a ranked system call as Linnaean taxonomy for categorizing organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.

With advances in the theory, data and analytical engineering of biological systematics, the Linnaean system has transformed into a system of contemporary biological classification referred to reflect the evolutionary relationships among organisms, both living and extinct.

Application

Biological taxonomy is a sub-discipline of biology, and is broadly practiced by biologists requested as "taxonomists", though enthusiastic naturalists are also frequently involved in the publication of new taxa. Because taxonomy aims to describe and organize life, the pretend conducted by taxonomists is necessary for the inspect of biodiversity and the resulting field of conservation biology.

Biological style is a critical component of the taxonomic process. As a result, it informs the user as to what the relatives of the taxon are hypothesized to be. Biological generation uses taxonomic ranks, including among others in positioning from most inclusive to least inclusive: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species, and Strain.

The "definition" of a taxon is encapsulated by its description or its diagnosis or by both combined. There are no set rules governing the definition of taxa, but the naming and publication of new taxa is governed by sets of rules. In zoology, the nomenclature for the more commonly used ranks superfamily to subspecies, is regulated by the International script of Zoological Nomenclature ICZN Code. In the fields of phycology, mycology, and botany, the naming of taxa is governed by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants ICN.