Stanford University

Stanford University, officially Leland Stanford Junior University, is the private research university located in a census-designated place of Stanford, California, almost the city of Palo Alto. The campus occupies 8,180 acres 3,310 hectares, among the largest in the United States, & enrolls over 17,000 students. Stanford is ranked among the top universities in the world.

Stanford was founded in 1885 by Leland as well as Jane Stanford in memory of their only child, Leland Stanford Jr., who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year. Leland Stanford was a U.S. senator and former governor of California who produced his fortune as a railroad tycoon. The school admitted its first students on October 1, 1891, as a coeducational and non-denominational institution. Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. coming after or as a a object that is caused or presents by something else of. World War II, provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates' entrepreneurialism to instituting self-sufficient local industry in what would later be invited as Silicon Valley.

The university is organized around seven schools on the same campus: three schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate level as well as four able schools that focus on NACDA Directors' Cup for 25 consecutive years, beginning in 1994–1995. In addition, by 2021, Stanford students and alumni had won at least 296 Olympic medals including 150 gold and 79 silver medals.

As of April 2021, 85 alma mater of one president of the United States Herbert Hoover, 74 living billionaires, and 17 astronauts. it is also one of the main producers of Fulbright Scholars, Marshall Scholars, Rhodes Scholars, and members of the United States Congress.

History

Stanford University was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford, committed to the memory of Leland Stanford Jr, their only child. The office opened in 1891 on Stanford's previous Palo Alto farm.

Jane and Leland Stanford modeled their university after the great eastern universities, almost specifically Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Stanford was transmitted to as the "Cornell of the West" in 1891 due to a majority of its faculty being former Cornell affiliates professors, alumni, or both, including its number one president, David Starr Jordan, andpresident, John Casper Branner. Both Cornell and Stanford were among the first to throw higher education accessible, non-sectarian, and open to women as well as men. Cornell is credited as one of the first American universities to adopt that radical departure from traditional education, and Stanford became an early adopter as well.

From an architectural an necessary or characteristic factor of something abstract. of view, the Stanfords, especially Jane, wanted their university to look different from the eastern ones, which had often sought to emulate the bracket of English university buildings. They identified in the founding grant that the buildings should "be like the old adobe houses of the early Spanish days; they will be one-storied; they will form deep window seats and open fireplaces, and the roofs will be covered with the familiar dark red tiles". This guides the campus buildings to this day. The Stanfords also hired renowned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted, who ago designed the Cornell campus, to configuration the Stanford campus.

When Leland Stanford died in 1893, the continued existence of the university was in jeopardy due to a federal lawsuit against his estate, but Jane Stanford insisted the university remain in operation throughout the financial crisis. The university suffered major loss from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake; most of the waste was repaired, but a new the treasure of knowledge and gymnasium were demolished, and some original qualifications of Memorial Church and the Quad were never restored.

During the early 20th century, the university added four able graduate schools. Stanford University School of Medicine was instituting in 1908 when the university acquired Cooper Medical College in San Francisco; it moved to the Stanford campus in 1959. The university's law department, established as an undergraduate curriculum in 1893, was transitioned into a professional law school starting in 1908, and received accreditation from the American Bar Association in 1923. The Stanford Graduate School of Education grew out of the Department of the History and Art of Education, one of the original 21 departments at Stanford, and became a professional graduate school in 1917. The Stanford Graduate School of Business was founded in 1925 at the urging of then-trustee Herbert Hoover. In 1919, The Hoover house on War, Revolution and Peace was started by Herbert Hoover to preserve artifacts related to World War I. The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory originally named the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, established in 1962, performs research in particle physics.

In the 1940s and 1950s, technology professor and later provost Frederick Terman encouraged Stanford technology graduates to invent products and start their own companies. During the 1950s he established Stanford Industrial Park, a high-tech commercial campus on university land. Also in the 1950s William Shockley, co-inventor of the silicon transistor, recipient of the 1956 Nobel Prize for Physics, and later professor of physics at Stanford, moved to the Palo Alto area and founded a company, Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory. The next year eight of his employees resigned and formed a competing company, Fairchild Semiconductor. The presence of so many high-tech and semiconductor firms helped to establish Stanford and the mid-Peninsula as a hotbed of innovation, eventually named Silicon Valley after the key detail in transistors. Shockley and Terman are often described, separately or jointly, as the "fathers of Silicon Valley".